Study On Ornamental Evaluation And Cross-breeding Of Salvia L.

Salvia L.is native to the tropics and is distributed throughout the country.It has the characteristics of long flowering period,colorful flowers and high ornamental value.However,due to the severe winter in the northern region,the resources of the Salvia L.in my country have not been fully explored,and many excellent varieties of Salvia L.have not been applied to garden viewing Salvia L.has rich genetic diversity,the predecessors analyzed the genetic diversity of some varieties of them,But no systematic review of the germplasm resources of them.Therefore,in this study,we evaluated the ornamental resources of common and Salvia L.genotype(cultivar)in China,and selected them with better comprehensive performance from them,and further preliminary research on cross-breeding,for the selection of parents and new varieties of cross-breeding cultivation provides a certain theoretical basis.The main findings are as follows:(1)By observation of 28 morphological indicators of 42 varieties of Salvia L.,the results show that the bud and flower periods of different Salvia L.are significantly different.Under natural conditions,Most of them bloomed 100 d-110 d.Morphologically,the height crowns of different Salvia L.differ significantly,there are significant differences between species variation(P<0.05),and the level of genetic variation is abundant.(2)20 traits with ornamental representation were selected for resource evaluation,and 42 varieties of Salvia L..were scored through four aspects:flower,leaf,adaptability and overall performance.The results show that the diversity of plant height,flower type,flower quantity and flower color is of high value in plant application and breeding.16 varieties of Salvia L.,such as S.coccinea,S.pratensis,S.splendens,S.uliginosa,have excellent performances,and are rated as I in the comprehensive evaluation.(3)During parental selection,pollen vitality is different during different flowering time,with the increase of the flower opening days,the pollen vitality first increased and then decreased.The pollen vitality of 1 d after flowering is the highest,which is the best pollination period.For the female parent,Salvia L.receptivity has stigma during the flowering period,and the stigma receptivity generally shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The stigma can reach the strongest pollination at 1-2 d after flowering,and pollination is easier to succeed.Through pollen fluorescence observations on hybrid parents,there is a certain difference between the results of forward and reverse crosses.When ’Summer Jewel ’is used as the female parent,it is easier to fertilize and solidify than’Hummingbird’ as the female parent.The interspecific hybridization affinity is generally lower than that of intraspecific hybridization.The combination of S.pratensis×S.discolor.shows slow fertilization and pollen tube malformation,which cannot produce embryo seeds.(4)Preliminary studies on crossbreeding showed that,10 interspecies hybrid combinations were set up for the hybridization.Among them,the combination of S.japonica’Xiao Zi’×’hummingbird’ and S.splendens ’Vista’ × S.pratensis showed incompatibility.The rest of the combinations have certain results and fruit numbers.Among the 22 reciprocal crosses,when ’Summer Jewel’ is used as the female parent,it has a relatively higher fruit setting rate,and they are all sturdy.When crossing with "Hummingbird",the fruit setting rate can reach 39.62%,indicating intra-species cross It is easier to bear fruit than cross-species crosses.There is a significant difference between reciprocal hybridizations results(P<0.05),through the research on representative traits after hybridization,most offspring traits are inherited from the female parent,and the leaf and flower traits show a trend of heterosis decline,and there are obvious indicators of decline.