| The experiment was carried out at Yuanyang,Xuchang,Kaifeng and Nanle of Henan Province in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.The medium and strong gluten wheat varieties with high yield potential in Henan Province were used as test materials(28 varieties in two years).All varieties were planted under local conventional high-yielding conditions,in which N0(no nitrogen fertilizer applied during the whole growth period)treatment in the Yuanyang and Xuchang;and W1(irrigation at jointing stage)treatment were set simultaneously in the Yuanyang.According to the differences in yield and processing quality traits of wheat grain,all the tested varieties were divided into four types: high-quality and high-yield type(quality index conforms to the national medium-strong gluten wheat standard,and the yield is higher than the average value of this test point),high-quality and stable-yield type(quality index conforms to the national medium-strong gluten wheat standard,but the yield is lower than the average value of this test point),common-quality and high-yield type(yield is higher than the average value of this test point,but the quality index did not conforms the medium-strong gluten wheat standard)and the common-quality and stable-yield type(the yield was lower than the average value of the test site,and the quality index did not conforms the mediumstrong gluten wheat standard),The differences of different types of wheat varieties agronomic traits,accumulation and transport of dry matter,N accumulation and translocation characteristics and its relationship with yield and quality were analyzed.The main results are as follows:1、Yield and quality traits of four types wheat varietiesThe yield of high yield types(high quality and high yield,common high-yield type)was the highest among the different wheat varieties types in different sites,and the difference with stable yield varieties(high-quality and stable-yield type,common stable-yield type)was significant.There were significant differences in yield between two years,and the yield in 2017-2018 was lower than that in 2016-2017,among which the high-quality and high-yield types and common high-yield types in Yuanyang decreased by 22.7% and 12.8% respectively.The protein content and dough stabilization time of high-quality wheat varieties were higher than those of common-quality wheat varieties.However,the protein content and wet gluten content of common-quality wheat varieties(except the common-quality and stable-yield type at Yuanyang in 2017)both reached the national standard for medium and strong gluten wheat,but the dough stability time was far lower than that of high-quality wheat varieties,indicating that the key factor restricting the high-quality wheat yield to a certain extent was the stability time(dough strength).2、Dry matter accumulation and translocation characteristics of four types wheat varietiesThe contribution rate of dry matter after flowering to grain of high-yield wheat varieties was 61.5%~77.2%,and the post-anthesis assimilation amount and the contribution rate of dry matter to grain after flowering of high-yield wheat varieties at Xuchang and Yuanyang was significantly higher than that of stable-yield wheat varieties(except for Xuchang in 2017).The harvest index of high-yield wheat varieties was 0.41~0.50,which was higher than that of stable-yield wheat varieties,which shows that in different planting areas,high-yield wheat varieties had higher dry matter translocation and harvest index than that of stable-yield wheat varieties.The results show that the accumulation and translocation of dry matter is closely related to yield.3、SPAD and LAI in four types wheat varietiesThe SPAD of high-yield wheat varieties were higher than those of stable-wheat varieties,but there was no significant difference between high-quality types and stable-quality types.During plant growing stages,the LAI at heading stage was the highest,especially in Xuchang.Moreover,the LAI of high-yield type wheat varieties at heading stage was significantly higher than that of stable-yield wheat varieties in all sites,indicating that high-yield type wheat varieties had higher SPAD and higher LAI at heading stage.4、The accumulation and translocation characteristics of WSC in stem and sheath of four types wheat varietiesThe accumulation of soluble carbohydrate(WSC)in stem and sheath of high-yield wheat varieties in the middle stage of grain filling was higher than that of the stable-yield wheat varieties in all the sites.In the mature stage,high-quality and high-yield varieties in Yuanyang had a high accumulation of WSC in stem and sheath.At the same time,transport of WSC in stem and sheath of high-yield wheat varieties was higher than that of stable-yield wheat varieties in all the sites,indicating that the higher the stem-sheath WSC accumulation and the higher stem-sheath WSC transport in the middle of grain filling were beneficial to the yield increase.5、Accumulation,distribution and translocation characteristics of nitrogen(N)in different wheat varietiesIn all locations,the distribution ratio of N in the grains at the mature stage was mostly lower in the stable-quality type wheat varieties,but higher in the high-quality type wheat varieties,and the difference between the high-quality type and the stable-quality type wheat varieties reached a significant level of 5% in Yuanyang.The transport rate and the contribution rate of pre-flowering N in high-quality type wheat varieties were higher than thae in the stable-quality type varieties in all the sites.The results showed that more translocation of pre-anthesis N and high N distribution ratio in mature grain were benefit to the production of high-quality wheat.6、WSC/N in stem and sheath of four types wheat varieties and the relationship between carbon and nitrogen translocation and yield and qualityThe WSC/N in stem and sheath of different types wheat varieties at flowering stage ranged from 5.31 to 11.78,among which the high-quality type wheat varieties got a lower value,and the stable-quality type wheat varieties got a higher one,Moreover,the WSC/N in wheat variety in this study ranged from 5.65 to 7.38,which was higher than that of the highquality and stable-yield wheat variety.It indicate that the appropriate WSC/N value can not only promote the increase of yield but also be benefit to the improvement of quality.Correlation analysis showed that dry matter accumulation,assimilation and the contribution rate of dry matter after flowering,stem and sheath WSC accumulation and translocation.and grain yield was significantly positively correlated.However,the N accumulation amount,translocation rate and distribution ratio of N to grains at the mature stage were significantly positively correlated with grain protein content,dough stabilization time and NUE.It shows that increasing dry matter accumulation and translocation and promoting N absorption and the distribution of more N to grains could increase wheat yield and improve quality.7、Carbon and nitrogen accumulation and distribution of four types wheat varieties under different cultivation measuresUnder the condition of N deficiency,the distribution ratio of N in leaf,stalk and chaf increased in mature stage of common-quality and stable-yield type wheat varieties,while that of other varieties decreased.The distribution ratio of N in stem and sheath was significantly increased at maturity stage of all varieties,but the distribution ratio of N in grain was decreased compared with that under normal conditions.The results showed that N deficiency promoted the transport of N from leaf,stalk and chaf to grain,but inhibited the transport of N from stem and sheath to grain,and reduced the distribution ratio of N elements in grain.Compared with the normal N application level,the decline of the biomass of the highquality type wheat varieties were higher than that in stable-quality type at the mature stage.The yield of stable-yield type wheat varietiesgot a less decrease than that of high-yield type.Under W1 conditions,the decline of yield of stable-yield wheat varieties was significantly lower than that of high-yield varieties.The results showed that wheat varieties with highquality and stable-yield might have good adaptability under relative drought and nitrogen restriction conditions. |
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