Influence of method of processing and feeding level of safflower seeds on the performance of dairy cows

n Expt. 1, processing methods for whole safflower seeds were examined, optimum method of processing was to mix whole SS with corn in 50:50 ratio and course grind it. In Expt. 2, 12 cows were fed 50% forage and 50% grain diet, supplemented with 0, 2, or 4% ground SS. In Expt. 3, cows were fed diets similar to the Expt. 2, except they were supplemented with 0%, 2%, or 4% dry extruded SS. In Expt. 4, 3 cows were fitted with rumen cannula, fed diets supplemented with 0%, 2% ground SS, or 2% extruded SS. Feeding dry extruded SS at 2% or 4% of the diet did not enhance the animal productivity or income per cow/d. Coarse ground SS at 2% of diet dry matter improved the gross feed efficiency and income by...