The Differentiation Of Part-time Farmer And Its Influencing Factors

Since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy,the rural landscape has taken on a new look.Subsequently,the implementation of the household contract responsibility system has enabled farmers to have higher autonomy in production and operation.Since the 21st century,China's industrialization,urbanization,and modernization have been rapidly advanced,economic development has been progressing steadily.Rural residents in China have gained more non-agricultural employment opportunities.As a result,the proportion of agricultural employment in China has been decreasing since the 12th Five-Year Plan,and the proportion of non-agricultural employment(the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries)has risen rapidly.More and more rural residents are going out to engage in non-agricultural work.However,it is not completely abandoning agriculture.This phenomenon of rural concurrent employment is widespread at home and abroad.However,due to the different resource endowments and conditions of farmers,farmers are divided into full-time farmer,concurrent I-type farmer and concurrent ?-type farmerThis paper combines the data of 199 households obtained from the field research of the China Three Agricultural Issues Research Center of Anhui University in Lu'an City,Hefei City and Chenzhou City of Anhui Province.The characteristics of farmers' concurrent employment are described in these aspects including the household characteristics,family characteristics,social capital characteristics and agricultural production characteristics of farmers.At the same time,econometric models are established for the three types of farmers'occupational differentiation.The Probit method is used to regress the household characteristics,family characteristics,social capital characteristics and agricultural production characteristics and the degree of rural concurrent employment.The following conclusions are drawn:Firstly,the age,per capita cultivated area,land inflow,and average income of grain per acre are positively used for full-time farmers.That is,the older the farmer,the larger the per capita cultivated area,the more involved the land inflow,the higher the average income of grain per acre,the more likely the farmer is to become full-time farmer.The political identity,the number of labor,the cadres of relatives and friends,and the frequency of exchanges are negatively used for full-time farmers.That is,farmer is party member or village cadre,or the family has a large number of laborers,or the family's relatives and friends have political identity as party member and village cadre,or the farmer exchanges with village cadres closely is not easy to become full-time farmer.Secondly,the number of labor,the cadres of relatives and friends,and the frequency of exchanges are positively related to the type I farmers.That is,as the number of family labor increases,or farmer's relatives and friends have political status as party member and village cadre,or farmer who frequently communicates with village cadres tend to become concurrent I-type farmer.In contrast,the age,education level,political identity,and average income of grain per acre inhibit farmer from becoming concurrent I-type farmer.Thirdly,the degree of education,political identity,and the number of labor are positively related to the concurrent ?-type farmer.That is,as farmer becomes more educated,or farmer becomes party member and village cadre,or the number of family laborers increases,farmer tend to become concurrent ?-type farmer.The factors that inhibit farmer from becoming concurrent ?-type farmer include per capita cultivated area,cooperative participation,land inflow,and food subsidies.All in all,the age,per capita cultivated area,cooperative participation,land inflow,and average income of grain per acre promote the development of farmer's low-level part-time differentiation,while the degree of education,political identity,the number of labor,the cadres of relatives and friends,and the frequency of exchanges promote the development of farmers to a high degree of non-agriculturalizationBased on the above conclusions,the following enlightenments are drawn:firstly,strengthen rural basic education and improve the cultural quality of the whole people;secondly,always adhere to the mass line and strengthen the exchanges between cadres and the masses;thirdly,improve the social security system and guide farmers to actively participate;fourthly,broaden the channels for farmers to work together and raise farmers' awareness of entrepreneurship;finally,cultivate new professional farmers and cultivate a large number of practical talents.