Research On The Development Of The Theory Of Supplementing And Reducing The Pain And Desire Of The Five Internal Organs In Huangdi Neijing

Objective: This study has explored the connotation and development of the four concepts of "Wuwei(five flavors)","Kuyu(preference)","Buxie(supplement and discharge)" and "Zang(internal organs)" in Huangdi Neijing,and then discussed the structure and development of the theory of five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge in it,and clarified the main line of its theoretical development and explored the underlying causes of its changes.Methods: This study applied a bottom-up method to analyze and process the original literature on the basis of collecting existing literature,modern textbooks,works,and academic papers.With the application of historical research methods,the four concepts of "Wuwei(five flavors)","Kuyu(preference)","Buxie(supplement and discharge)" and "Zang(internal organs)" during the period of the Huangdi Neijing period and their development and changes were examined,and the relationship between the four concepts were analyzed in this study to clarify the structure of five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge.By using the comparative research method along with the history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine,this study selected the doctors whose theory changed greatly and was representative,and compared the inheritance and development of Huangdi Neijing with the theory of the five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge of the representative doctors,and explored its development trace and the core concept of its theoretical structure which maintained the stable inheritance of it.Based on its "core concept",this study provided a reference for the development of the current five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge theory.Results: The establishment of the theory of five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge in the period of Huangdi Neijing was based on the overall concept of the integration of universe and human being.It applied the five-element categorization and its generation and restriction theory.It followed the characteristics of the four seasons and the internal organs in accordance with the nature and the five flavors of the herbs,and formed a therapeutic theory of the way of qi movement regulation in human body.The five flavors refers to the essence of the universe and the earth;the preference referred to the characteristics of the five internal organs;the supplement and discharge referred to the adjustment of the operation of qi movement to keep it in sync with the universe and the earth,that is,to supplement the deficient and discharge the excess;the internal organs store essence qi of the universe and earth.During the Song and Qing Dynasty,the theory of the five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge had been changed greatly at the later Song Dynasty.It was mainly based on the relationship between the causality of things.It emphasized on the essence of the human body was no longer directly derived from the qi of universe and earth,but turned to the inside of the human body,and had explored the essence of the internal organs as the source of life.In this state,the doctor analyzed the function of the herbs through the perspective of the "herbs law" about the shape,color,texture,smell and taste of the herbs.Wuwei(five flavors)refers to the essence of universe and earth,and the way of recognition Wuwei was based on the theory of “herbs law”.Kuyu(preference)refers to the preference of the spirits stored in the five internal organs;the concept of supplement and discharge had been extended that supplement referred to the essence qi in human body,and discharge referred to the abundance of pathogenic qi,including the endogenous six qi and exogenous evil qi and blood stasis and phlegm.And the five internal organs had gradually became the source of essence qi of human body.In modern era,with the influence of western medicine and conceptual thinking,the theory of five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge was built on function,and that Wuwei referred to the efficacy of herbs,and the role of metaphor was weakened;preference referred to the physiological and pathological characteristics of the five internal organs;the concept of supplemental and discharge had also been changed accordingly.The method of supplementation refers to supplement the deficiency of the body,including qi,blood,yin,and yang of the internal organs,and to improve its immune function the body.The discharge method referred to the elimination of pathogenic factors.The concept of internal organs was influenced by western medicine and referred to the organs of the "function" of the human body in physics category.Conclusions: Since the establishment of the treatment system of the five internal organs preference in Huangdi Neijing,supplement and discharge theory,its core concept has been running through the whole theory of principle and methods in Chinese medicine treatment.Comparing the concepts and structures of the five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge theory in the three periods,it was found that in the development process of the theory,it remained a relative stable inheritance though the theoretical extension had changed in terms of its core concept.The core concept refers to the theoretical core based on metaphor and guided by the theory of essence qi,yin and yang and five elements.As for its extension,the theory of various schools were based on the theory of the five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge,and enriched and developed its concept,connotation and clinical application.However,this theory is not referred in the current editions of the textbooks(except for the textbooks of Huangdi Neijing quoted and explained the ancient scriptures),and the core concepts of the current five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge theory has been influenced by western medicine so that its status has decreased.As for the four concepts of this theory,the connotation of each concept has been changed greatly compared with the period of Huangdi Neijing,and the status of metaphor has been reduced in the present textbooks.Significances: this study has clarified the development of the theory of five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge in Huangdi Neijing the connotation of its theoretical structure and the reasons for its development.This study has important theoretical and clinical significance.In theory,firstly,this study has clarified the development of the five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge of Huangdi Neijing,and reproduced the cognitive model of the five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge theory in each period.Secondly,according to its development history,this study has explored the core elements of theoretical inheritance,and summarized the reasons for the development of the theory of five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge,and provided a theoretical basis for the direction of the current five internal organs preference,supplement and discharge theory development.Thirdly,this study has analyzed the development of the theory and the importance of it,and provided suggestions for the compiling of Chinese medicine textbooks and the inheritance of Chinese medicine.In clinical diagnosis and treatment,this theory has been continuously applied in clinical practice in every period of history.The clarification of this point is also valuable in providing reference for Chinese medicine doctors.