Study On The Riding And Shooting Culture Of The Manchu Eight Banners In The Qing Dynasty

The ancestors of the Manchus,Jurchen,rose from the white mountains and the black waters in northeast China.Due to the needs of collection,hunting and war,the Jurchen formed the system of bull-recording.The system of bull-recording was the embryonic form of the eight banners system of the Manchus,and was also the basis for the Manchus' national character of being proficient in horsemanship and advocating force in the Qing dynasty.After the military expansions of the two emperors Nurhachi and Huang,the Statehood Jurchen nationality,which was once an underdeveloped tribe of Jurchen nationality located in the northeast corner,became the ruler of vastness of northeast China.It established a powerful regime,Rulers of the late,which laid a solid foundation for its later successors to rule the central plains and to establish Qing dynasty,the last unified feudal regime.Therefore,the rulers of the Qing dynasty attached great importance to the riding and shooting skills of soldiers of the eight banners and elevated them to the level of national security.Due to the influence of national customs and the attention of the rulers,the horsemanship and archery of the soldiers of the eight banners in the Qing dynasty was not only a military skill,but also an excellent culture of a specific group,namely the eight banners' horsemanship and archery culture,thus forming a national spirit and making it the most important and far-reaching culture of the Qing dynasty.In this paper,using literature,logic analysis,expert interviews and other research methods,the formation,development and declining process of the eight banners' riding and shooting culture in Qing Dynasty are reviewed and studied from three aspects,i.e.,spirit,material,and system.three aspects for the formation of the culture of the eight banners in the Qing dynasty riding and shooting,development and decline process of carding and research,the paper also summarizes its general characteristics and its development significance,thus it is possible to make the overall grasp and understanding of the eight banners riding and shooting culture.The main content of this paper is as follows: first,the initial formation of the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture in the Qing dynasty.This part mainly summarizes the initiation and initial development of the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture in the Ming dynasty.Second,the formation and development of Qing dynasty Manchu eight banners riding and shooting in an all-round way.Its formation and development is not one-sided.The author studies the Qing dynasty Manchu eight banners riding and shooting culture from the system culture,material culture,spiritual culture and social dynamic aspects in multi-level and multi-dimensional ways.The author also represents the whole picture of the Manchu eight banners riding and shooting culture,combining with the life and production in Qing dynasty.Third,the paper mainly expounds the declining reasons for the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture in the Qing dynasty,and explains how the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture gradually declined from prosperity to recession.The research shows that the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture in the Qing dynasty is a systematic and complete cultural system,which is closely related to the political environment,military strength and the vicissitudes of the Qing dynasty.In the development process of the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture in the Qing dynasty,it mainly presents the overall characteristics of military nature,political nature,entertainment and so on.In addition,the Manchu eight banners equestrian archery culture in the Qing dynasty embodies the remarkable military,political,and educational significance in the social development process.