Assessing Gender Inequality In Tanzania Education System And Its Management Towards Women Empowerment:A Case Of Selected Institutions Of Higher Learning

Education has become an important aspect of human life and any form of gender inequality in the sector amounts to violation human rights.Despite this importance,gender inequality in education has remained persistent particularly within developing countries where there is no equal opportunity to access education among males and females.More importantly,gender inequality is against the creed of the declaration of human rights that appreciates human beings as having been born free and equal in dignity and rights.The aim of this research therefore,is to explore and investigate,(1)the effects of gender inequality in the higher education system in Tanzania;(2)the factors that accelerate gender inequalities in the Tanzanian education system;and,(3)to evaluate strategies of gender inequality and women empowerment in Tanzania.Also,it aims to assess the cultural barriers,misconceptions,and misinformation about the question of gender.This study adopts qualitative and quantitative methodology of research with extensive utilization of both primary and secondary sources of data to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of this study.The range of quantitative methodology targeted a population's sample of 350 respondents from four selected universities of Tanzania,educational administrators and community members.The control variable of gender-representation for males was 303(86.6%)and the female gender representation totaled 47(13.7%).Analysis was conducted using the SPSS v.23 data analysis program.The research findings of this study reveal that factors of gender inequality are predictively significant to strategic management of gender,but,insignificant to women empowerment.The effects of gender are predictively significant to strategic management of gender while insignificant to women empowerment.The strategic management is significantly predictive of women empowerment.Overally,regarding the subject of gender inequality,the correlation indicates factors influencing management strategies that augment the realization of satisfactory gender/women empowerment of Tanzania.However,Management strategies need to identify accelerated factors such as sensitizations and community orientations to demystify prevailing negative perceptions about gender.The study also identifies that the factors of gender inequality are accelerated by culture or traditions,poverty,ignorance,perceptions and lack of good policies.Moreover,the study also reveals that the lack of gender awareness among societies and cultural differences affect school activities forcing girls to drop out of school and seek voluntarily or involuntarily marriage as fulfillment of cultural or traditional norms.Additionally,this study also discovered cases from identified governments and international organizations organs such as UIS,PPD,and lUNESCO that support certain trends in cultural practices and social values that affect female performanceIn conclusion,gender-based stereotype roles,emanating from cultural practices and values are accountable for most of the gender inequalities of Tanzania.The study recommends free high school education,more and better incentives and support for women groups,provision of scholarships for brilliant but needy girls to pursue education and the inclusion of women in decision-making processes.The government should set up policies that can be used to address social and cultural issues that affect strategic management streaming of gender inequality education of Tanzania to participate effectively and equally in the educational acquisition.