| Objective:To observe the effects of two extracts of Xinjiang Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark in promoting fracture healing in rats.Methods:A total of 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats,3 months old,were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,Zhong Hua Die Da Wan group,high-,middle-and low-dose ethanol extract groups,high-,middle,and low-dose water extract groups.Except the sham-operated group,the middle segment of the femoral shaft was cut off to make a model of femoral fracture.In the sham-operated group no osteotomy was performed.Intragastric administration began at 1 day after modeling and continued for 6 weeks（1 time/day）.At 2,4,6 weeks after modeling,the effects of two extracts of Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark on serum-related biochemical indicators,X-ray imaging,biomechanical indicators and hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemical methods were used to test the effects of transforming growth factorβ1 and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in local tissues.Results:（1）Serum biochemical indicators:The serum calcium level of 2 extract group in each phase was lower than that of the sham-operated group and the model group,indicating that a faster osteogenesis in 2 extract group;At 2,4 weeks the serum phosphorus level of the high-,middle dose ethanol extract group was higher than that of sham-operated group,model group and Zhong Hua Die Da Wan group.At 6th week the middle-dose water extract groups was higher than the sham-operated group,indicating that the 2 extract groups can increase blood phosphorus content;The serum alkaline phosphatase level of high-dose ethanol extract group at each stage was significantly higher than the other groups,indicating that a stronger osteoblast activity in the high-dose ethanol extract group.（2）X-ray film:The formation of callus and fracture line disappeared in the2 high-dose extract groups in the fracture area compared with the other groups.（3）Three-point bending test:At 2,4 weeks the maximum load and maximum deflection of the femurs of the two extract groups were higher than those in the model group.high-dose ethanol extract group at week 6 was higher than other groups.（4）Hematoxylin-eosin staining:A series of histological repair changes in the fracture area the 2 high-dose extract groups started the other groups early.（5）Immunohistochemical results of the fracture site:The optical density mean of transforming growth factor-β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor were positively expressed at the fracture site.Fracture healing gradually increased at 2nd,4th weeks reaching a peak at 4th week,at 6 week epiphyseal maturity gradually decreases with the decrease of osteoblasts.Conclusion:To conclude,these two extracts of Xinjiang Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark are capable of improving fracture healing.Moreover,different extraction methods and dosages of Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark demonstrate various effects on fracture healing. |
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