Optimization Of Enzyme-assisted Extraction Of Lignans And Pharmacological Activity Of Lignans From The Stems Of Schisandra Chinensis

The Schisandra chinensis is the dried ripe fruit of Magnoliaceae plant Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.S.chinensis has been confirmed to contain lignans,polysaccharides,terpenoids and other components,among which dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are the main biological active ingredients.In order to improve the productivity and quality of S.chinensis fruit,the stems need to be trimmed every year,but most of the cut stems are treated as waste.Lots of researches have confirmed that the lignans contained in the stems are equivalent to the fruit,and the lignan can be industrially extracted by using stems instead of fruit.Therefore,this paper optimizes the extraction process of lignans from S.chinensis and further explores the protective mechanism of the extraction of the stems of S.chinensis(SCE)on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)and representative lignans,Schisandrin,against streptozotocin(STZ)and High Fat Diet(HFD)induced diabetic nephropathy.It is meaningful for the development of S.chinensis in health care.Response Surface Methodology(RSM)was used to optimize the optimal process of enzymeassisted extraction of four lignans such as Schisandrin,Schisandrol B,Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B.The effect of enzyme dosage,enzymlysis time,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature three factors on the extraction yields of lignin from the stem of S.chinensis were studied.The extraction yield of lignans from the steam of S.chinensis was significantly increased to 23.09%.The extraction method is simple,low cost,high extraction efficiency,and it was suitable for large-scale industrial production.Cisplatin is widely used as antineoplastic drug,but the clinical application of cisplatin is limitedowing to nephrotoxicity.The protective activity of SCE on the kidney was indicated in model mice established by cisplatin-induced AKI.This paper explores renal function,histopathological changes,and markers of oxidative stress.SCE pre-administration reduces renal oxidative stress levels while inhibiting inflammatory responses and the activation of apoptotic pathways.Diabetic nephropathy(DN),is one of the most common complications in diabetic patients,but its molecular pathogenesis is not well-defined and without effective treatments.Here,the protective effect of Schisandrin on STZ/HFD-induced DN were studied.Schisandrin can reduce blood sugar levels,regulate blood lipids and renal functions,as well as ameliorate the degree of renal fibrosis.Moreover,Schizandrin treatment suggests a suppressed inflammatory response.This suppression was afforded by subdued activations of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/ Protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathways.These findings highlight nephroprotective effect of Schizandrin against STZ/HFD-induced DN through inhibiting the renal inflammation and fibrosis in mice.In summary,our studies have proved that the enzyme assisted extraction method is simple and high extraction efficiency.It has a good application prospect in the extraction of schisandra lignans and is suitable for large-scale industrial production;SCE has good protective activities against oxidative stress,inflammation and apoptosis induced by cisplatin in mice.Its molecular mechanism possibly through inhibiting the activation of caspase-3,8,9 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vivo,thereby improving cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury;Schisandrin has protective effects on STZ/HFD-induced inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy in mice,and its molecular mechanism of improving renal function is possibly by regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway and TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis.To improve dyslipidemia,renal fibrosis and inflammatory lesions in the kidneys.