The Effect Of Nursing Intervention Based On IKAP Theory On Self-management Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Different Personality Traits

Objective:To understand the self-management,knowledge level and health belief status of patients with type 2 diabetes;To analyze the factors affecting self-management and the differences on self-management,knowledge level and health beliefs in patients with different temperament types;To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on IKAP(Information-Knowledge-Attitude-Practice)theory on self-management of type 2 diabetes patients with different temperament types.Methods:The first phase is an investigative study.In the first phase,280 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to a top three hospital in Zhenjiang City from September 2017 to February 2018 were selected for randomized sampling.The survey tools used include the general information questionnaire,the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Simple Scale China Edition,the Diabetes Self-Management Behavior Scale,the Diabetes Knowledge Scale,and the Diabetes Health Belief Scale.The second phase is an intervention study.In the second phase,120 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study according to the voluntary principle of patients.The patients were divided into intervention group and control group according to the admission time.The control group used routine nursing and health education,and the intervention group adopted a nursing intervention approach guided by the IKAP(information-knowledgebelief-behavior)theoretical model.Before the intervention,the patient’s general information,personality traits,self-management,health beliefs,knowledge level and other information were obtained.The patient’s self-management status was investigated again 3 months after the intervention.Results: 1.The self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes is divided into(78.84±16.84)points.Among them,the patient’s compliance behavior was the highest,the blood glucose monitoring self-management status was the worst;the diabetes knowledge was(17.84±3.92)points;the diabetes health beliefs were divided into(71.54±6.61)points.2.The differences in self-management behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes in different demographic characteristics show that the self-management behavior of type 2 diabetes patients has statistically significant differences in gender,age,duration of disease,smoking,drinking and other variables(P<0.05).3.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between diabetes knowledge and self-management in type 2 diabetic patients(r=0.383,P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between health belief and selfmanagement in type 2 diabetes patients(r=0.717,P<0.05);There was a significant negative correlation between psychoticism,neuroticism and self-management in personality traits(r=-0.257,-0.36,P<0.05),and there was a significant positive correlation between internal and external propensity and self-management(r=-0.324,P<0.05);There was a significant negative correlation between fasting blood glucose,postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin and self-administration(r=-0.295,-0.324,-0.260,P<0.05).4.There were significant differences in blood glucose monitoring,abnormal blood glucose management,foot care and self-management scores between type 2 diabetic patients with different temperament types(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in diabetes knowledge level(P>0.05);the difference in the benefits of treatment,the harm of treatment,the three dimensions of diabetes and the total score of diabetes health beliefs were significant(P<0.05).5.The self-management of diabetic patients is affected by many factors,the total score of belief,the psychotic,the internal and external,the type of temperament,and the course of disease jointly predict 60.7% of the total score variation.6.After intervention,the knowledge,health beliefs,and self-management scores of the two groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the diabetes knowledge and self-management scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).The score of belief was significantly higher than that of the control group except for the harmful dimension of diabetes(P < 0.05).After intervention,fasting blood glucose,postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were significantly lower in the two groups(P<0.05),and the intervention group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).7.There were significant differences in the scores of health beliefs and self-management between the four groups of patients with different temperament types before and after intervention(P < 0.05).The scores of the scores in the depressive group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion: 1.The overall level of self-management of patients is not optimistic,and it is imperative to improve their self-management skills.2.Knowledge and health beliefs are positively related to self-management,mild to moderate.Therefore,the IKAP nursing intervention model can be adopted to improve the patient’s self-management behavior from the improvement of the patient’s knowledge level and health belief,so as to help the patient to control the progress of the disease more effectively.3.There are significant differences in self-management and health beliefs in patients with type 2 diabetes of different temperament types.Therefore,according to the different types of temperament,individualized psychological psychology can be adopted to promote self-management and improvement of health beliefs.4.Depressive patients have poor health beliefs and self-management,and are more likely to benefit from nursing psychological intervention.Clinically,depressive patients with introverted personality and poor emotional stability should be given attention.