Clinical Symptoms Analysis In Patients With Ectodermal Dysplasia

Objective:The study was performed to analyze the clinical symptoms in patients with ectodermal dysplasia,which will provide some reference for implant treatment of ED patients in the future.Methods:The study collected the clinical date,Panoramic X-ray,lateral cephalometric radiographs and CBCT of ED patients from June 2013 to October 2016 in Department of Oral Implantology,Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital.The groups were as follows:group 1,at least two tissues of ectodermal origin disorder,besides hypodontia;group 2,only one tissue of ectodermal origin disorder,besides hypodontia.The height,BMI,number of teeth missing,number of retained deciduous teeth,number of malformed teeth,maxillofacial cephalometric parameters and width and height of alveolar bone were compared between 2 groups.SPSS 17.0software package was performed for one-sample t-test and two-sample t-test.Results:Forty-eight patients（19 women and 29 men）,a average age of 22（13³0）were involved in this study.BMI values of males was lower in group 1 than group 2 and this was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The number of missing teeth was larger in group 1（22.3±5.8）compares to group2（12±6.6）,which was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The number of retained deciduous teeth was larger in group 1（8±4）compares to group 2（2.4±2.7）in females,which was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The cephalometric analysis showed a reduced maxilla length（ANS-Ptm）,retrusive maxilla（S-Ptm,SNA,NA-PA）,a normal size（S-Co）and length（Co-Po）of mandible,a protruding mandible（NP-FH）and chin（Y axis）,skeletal Angle III malocclusion（ANB<0）and a reduced facial height（N-Me）in two groups.SNA,NA-PA,ANS-Ptm,S-Ptm and Y axis were significantly decreased and NP-FH was increased significantly in group 1compares to group 2 in males.The alveolar process failed to developed or poorly developed at edentulous sites in two groups.BW₀,BW₃ and BW₅ of central incisor,canine,first premolar and second premolar and BH of first premolar and first molar were significantly lower in group 1 than group 2 at the upper jaw edentulous sites in males（P<0.05）.Conclusions:Clinical characteristics of ED patients typically presented as follows:hypohidrosis,sparse hair,sparse eyebrow,hypodontia or oligodontia,dry skin,protuberant lips,prominent forehead,saddle nose,onchodysplasia.The more absence of permanent teeth may lead to lower BMI in males with ED.Maxillofacial morphology of ED patients typically presented a reduced maxilla length and retrusive maxilla,a normal size and length of mandible,a protruding mandible and chin,skeletal Angle III malocclusion and a reduced facial height.The severity of abnormalities in maxillofacial bone morphology was correlated positively with absence of permanent teeth.Furthermore,retained deciduous teeth might have positively effect on the development of maxillofacial bone.The alveolar ridge of ED patients presented the knife shape,dysplasia or no development and the growth of alveolar ridge was correlated negatively with absence of permanent teeth.