| Objective:In this study,the variety of wine and the altitude of the producing area were considered as reference factors.8-week gavage test was conducted to explore the development and liver antioxidant capacity of moderate wine drinking on healthy rats.The changes of intestinal flora of rats after drinking different kinds of wine were analyzed in order to provide reference for people to choose and drink wine better.Methods: the content of polyphenols in wine was quantitatively determined by rp-hplc and mass spectrometry after pretreatment with liquid liquid extraction.39 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into one control group and four experimental groups according to body weight on the basis of understanding the difference of phenolic substances in wine between different altitude and wine grape.The gavage period was 8 weeks.After lavage in rat serum for serum biochemical test,coefficient of liver liver samples collected,the production of pathological and liver homogenate,explore the wine for the growth of healthy adult rats,physiological function and the influence of liver antioxidant capacity,and collect stool samples,using 16 s r DNA sequencing to different wine on rat intestinal flora diversity,abundance and environment factor analysis.Results: 1)Regardless of the altitude,Cabernet Sauvignon contains more phenolic compounds than Chardonnay.And it was found that the content of sinapic and trans-ferulic acid in low-altitude Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay wines was higher than that of high-altitude(P<0.05).There are six phenolic compounds in high-altitude Cabernet Sauvignon were significantly higher than that of low-altitude Cabernet Sauvignon wines(P<0.05).2)The food intake of rats with moderate intake of wine was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Especially for the low-altitude Cabernet Sauvignon group which with the most polyphenolic compounds was significantly lower than that of other wine treatment groups.(P<0.05).3)(1)There was no significant difference in liver coefficient between the rats in each group;(2)There is no pathological condition in the liver pathological section;(3)Among the serum biochemical indicators,the GLOB level of high-altitude dry white wine(group C)and control group(group A)was significantly higher than that of high-altitude dry red E group and low-altitude dry white(group D)and dry red(group B),there was no significant difference in other blood nutrition indicators.(4)Rat liver antioxidant enzyme index showed that the CAT level of the high-altitude dry white wine group was significantly higher than that of the control group and other types of wine,low-altitude dry red in the absence of significant difference in total protease.The SOD level of the wine group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the remaining four wines,and the levels of GPX3 in the liver of the B,C,and D groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.4)There is no significant difference in the Alpha diversity index between the fecal microbes of each group;The relative abundance of the thick-walled bacteria in the sample of all rats was the highest,accounting for more than 65% of all sample microorganisms.PCoA and ADONIS analysis in Beta diversity showed no significant difference.The LEFSe analysis showed that the microbial flora significantly present in the control group included 9 genus such as Burkholderia,Lactobacillus,Globicatella,Aquabacterium,Psychrobacter,and Streptococcus.In the low-altitude dry red wine group(group B),Clostridium IV,Dorea,and other genus 5 are more than the other groups.Acinetobacter lwoffii,Olsenella.sp.Mou02 and Clostridium IV uncultured organism present in the high-altitude dry red wine group(group E)are microorganisms with significant differences.In high-altitude white wine group(group C),only Curtobacterium has significant difference in intestinal bacteria,while in low-altitude dry white wine group,there is no bacterium marker with significant difference.5)The results of environmental factor analysis showed that the Enterococcus and the genus Mycobacterium were significantly positively correlated with the level of LDL.C(r=0.324,P<0.05;r=0.350,P<0.05);the Treponema in the Treponema pallidum was negatively correlated with TC and LDL.C(r=-0.342,P<0.05;r =-0.373,P<0.05),and Clostridium IV was also significantly negatively correlated with TC and LDL(r =-0.329,P<0.05;r =-0.376,P<0.05);Christensenella and Dorea were significantly positively correlated with SOD(r = 0.345,P<0.05;r = 0.396,P<0.05),but Burkholderia were negatively correlated with SOD(r =-0.395,P<0.05),and Herbaspirillum was negatively correlated with SOD and CAT(r =-0.483,P<0.05;r =-0.338,P<0.05).In addition,saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis and genus Rothia were positively correlated with final weight gain(r = 0.373,P<0.05;r = 0.352,P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of this bacterium was significantlylower in low-altitude dry red wine.These correlations correspond to experimental measurements of previous liver antioxidant enzymes and body weight.Conclusion :1)relative to altitude,the type of wine grape can affect the phenolic content in wine more.The type and content of polyphenols in cabernet sauvignon dry red wine in the study are higher than that in chardonnay dry white wine.In addition,the phenolic substances in low-altitude cabernet sauvignon dry red wine are the most abundant,while the total phenolic substances in high-altitude cabernet sauvignon dry red wine are the highest,especially flavonols.2)moderate intake of wine had no adverse effect on the normal growth and development of healthy rats,but reduced the food intake of rats,especially the effect of low-altitude cabernet sauvignon dry red wine with the most abundant polyphenols was more significant than that of other wines(P<0.05).3)moderate intake of wine did not cause liver damage in rats,and the antioxidant capacity of the liver of the three groups of low altitude cabernet sauvignon,chardonnay and high altitude chardonnay was significantly enhanced compared with the control group(P<0.05).4)Moderate intake of wine can regulate certain microorganisms in the intestinal tract of rats,for example,the relative abundance of potentially harmful bacteria such as Aquabacterium was decreased by up-regulating beneficial bacteria such as Dorea,Alistipes,Lachnospiracea and Clostridium IV.The effect of cabernet sauvignon dry red wine was more obvious than that of chardonnay dry white wine. |
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