| OBJECTIVE: Pesticides are chemicals used to control substances harmful to crop growth,including weeds and pests.Pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals used to control pests affect non-target organisms,such as humans,wildlife or beneficial insects.Global warming is a natural phenomenon caused by the accumulation of greenhouse effect.At present,there are few studies on the relationship between environmental temperature and burden of pesticide poisoning.In order to carry out disease prevention and health impact assessment of climate change,understand the temperature-disease relationship of pesticide poisoning,and explore the influence of temperature on the incidence of pesticide poisoning by determining the relationship between environmental temperature and pesticide poisoning exposure reaction and lag reaction.METHODS: Data on the incidence of pesticide poisoning were collected from the occupational disease monitoring and reporting system of Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Pesticide poisoning is defined by the code of the 10 th International Classification of Diseases and the 9th International Classification of Diseases.The code of pesticide poisoning in the 10 th International Classification of Diseases is T60,and the code of pesticide poisoning in the 9th International Classification of Diseases is 989.4.During the same period,meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System,including daily average temperature,minimum temperature,maximum temperature and relative humidity.Poisson Distribution Lag Nonlinear Model(DLNM)was used to study the effect of environmental temperature on the incidence of pesticide poisoning.Relative risk(RR)was calculated with the optimum temperature of 22 C,the 75 th percentage point of daily average temperature in Qingdao as the reference value.RESULTS: 3545 cases of pesticide poisoning occurred in Qingdao from June 1,2007 to July 8,2018.The average annual incidence of pesticide poisoning is 3.2/100000.The average age of all cases was 49.2 years(ranging from 0 to 98 years).Among the pesticide poisoning cases,there were 1811 males and 1734 females.The sex ratio was 1.04:1.According to the types of poisoning,there were 203 cases of productive poisoning and 3342 cases of non-productive poisoning.Qingdao belongs to the temperate marine monsoon climate zone.The median daily average temperature and humidity are 14.5 C and 69.67%,respectively.The occurrence of pesticide poisoning in Qingdao has significant seasonal fluctuations,mainly in summer.Generally speaking,the effect of temperature on the incidence of pesticide poisoning is non-linear and has a higher relative risk at higher temperatures.High temperature has acute and short-term effects,and then decreases rapidly along the lagging days.The greatest risk occurs on day 0 of high temperature exposure(RR = 1.54,95% CI: 1.04-2.30).The 5-day cumulative RR of daily average temperature indicates the relative risk of the whole lag period.The overall relationship between pesticide poisoning and temperature was positively correlated,reaching the maximum risk at 31 C,with the highest cumulative RR value of 2.77(95% CI: 1.41,5.45).Initially,the incidence of pesticide poisoning increased slowly with the increase of temperature.The risk of pesticide poisoning increases rapidly when the temperature is higher than 25 C.In sensitivity and subgroup analysis,the shape of the hysteretic response relationship between temperature and pesticide poisoning is basically consistent with the overall model.CONCLUSION: Generally speaking,the incidence of pesticide poisoning increases with the increase of daily average temperature,and it has higher relative risk under the condition of higher temperature and shorter lag time.The results can provide reference for early warning and intervention strategies of pesticide poisoning.Further studies in different geographical regions with different climates are needed to validate our findings and determine the best definition of high ambient temperature exposure. |
PDF Full Text Request