Analysis On The Present Situation And Relationship Of Health Literacy,health Self-management And Health Behavior Of Freshmen In A University

Objective To observe the level of health literacy,health self-management and health behavior of freshmen in a university,analyze their influencing factors,and explore the relationship among them.It provides the basis for the health education and health promotion in schools.Methods This study was a cross section study.A questionnaire survey was conducted.2883 freshmen met the study criteria and participated.All of them were surveyed with self-designed general information questionnaire,health literacy questionnaire,health self-management ability assessment tool,college students' health behavior questionnaire.All gathered data was analyzed with SPSS21.0software,described the present situation of health literacy,health self-management and health behavior by t test,single factor analysis and multivariate analysis.Pearson correlation analysis and AMOS 25.0 structural equation model were used to analyze the relationship among participation's health literacy,health self-management and health behavior.Results 1 The proportion of freshmen with health literacy was 16.6%,the average score of health literacy was(50.17±9.86),and health basic knowledge and conceptual literacy dimension was(19.98±4.16),healthy lifestyle and behavior dimension was(14.69±3.96)and(15.49±3.18)respectively.The average total score of health self-management was(146.85±20.03),health self-management behavior dimension was(48.15±9.08),and the cognitive dimension was(54.78±8.19),health self-management environment dimension was(43.92±6.40).The average total score of healthy behavior was(105.56±16.58),interpersonal support skills dimension was(21.84±3.80),stress management behavior dimension was(16.89±3.31),personal living habits dimension was(32.62±5.33),learning-related behavior dimension was(34.20±6.09).2 The influencing factors: 1)univariate analysis results showed that the health literacy of freshmen i was different in gender,age,specialty,only child,father's culture,mother's culture,father's work,mother's work,family structure,average cost of a month living,source of living expenses,study health courses,self-assessment of health status,learning time.All differents were significant(P<0.05).The health self-management of freshmen was different in hometown of origin,only child,the educational level of father and mother,the family structure,the situation of student cadre,the study of health courses,whether to participate in health associations,and self-assessment of health status,course load.All differents were significant(P< 0.05).The scores of health behavior of freshmen were different in body mass index(BMI),father's educational level,source of living expenses,student cadres,study of health courses,participation in health associations,self-assessment of health status,and course load in the first semester.All differents were significant(P<0.05).2)The results of multivariate analysis: The main influencing factors of freshmen's health literacy were gender,major,mother's educational level and source of living expenses,learning time of per week(P<0.05).The main influencing factors of health self-management of freshmen were their mother's educational level,t experience of student cadres,taking health courses,participating in health associations.self-assessment of health status,course load in the first semester.The main influencing factors of health behavior of freshmen were their father's educational level,the study of health courses,participation in health associations.3 The results of correlation among health literacy,health self-management and health behavior.Correlation analysis showed that the dimensions and total scores of health literacy of freshmen were positively correlated with the dimensions and total scores of health self-management and health behavior.The totalscore and dimensions of health self-management were positively correlated with the total score and the scores of each dimension of health behavior.Path analysis by structural equation model showed that health literacy played a partial intermediary role between health self-management and health behavior(intermediary effect accounts for 2.13% of the total effect).health self-management also played a partial intermediary role between health literacy and health behavior(mediation effect accounts for 71.82% of the total effect).Conclusion 1 The proportion of freshmen with health literacy was 16.6%,the total average score of health self-management was 53.35%,and the proportion of health behavior was 61.22%.2 The health literacy of freshmen was mainly affected by gender,major,mother's educational level and the source of living expenses;Health literacy of freshmen was mainly affected by gender,major,mother's educational level,source of living expenses and number of study hours per week;health self-management was mainly affected by mother's educational level,student cadre,studying health courses,participating in health associations,self-assessment of health status,and course load in the first semester.Health behavior was mainly affected by father's educational level,study of health courses,participating health associations,and self-assessment of health status.3 There was a positive correlation among the dimensions and total scores of health literacy,health self-management and health behavior.Health literacy and health selfmanagement could affect the health behavior of freshmen through direct and indirect paths,what's more,The path that health literacy affected health behavior through health self-management was more significant.Figure3;Table33;Reference77.