Research On Relationship Among Perceived Stress,selt-efficacy,behavior And Obesity In Enterprise Staff

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence and relationship among perceived stress,self-efficacy,health-related behaviors and obesity in enterprise staff.Explore the influential factors of health-related behaviors and obesity,and provide suggestions for effective health promotion strategies in workplace.MethodsA convenience sample of 388 enterprise staff from Hangzhou,Jiaxing,Shanghai were determined for the study.Body measurement and a self-administered questionnaire survey including demographic characteristics,perceived stress,self-efficacy and health-related behaviors was conducted.Chi-square test was used to explore the associations of demographic characteristics,perceived stress,self-efficacy,behaviors and obesity.Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of perceived stress and self-efficacy on eating and exercise behaviors,and find the influential factors of overweight and obesity.The relationship among perceived stress,self-efficacy,behavior,overweight and obesity was established by using structural equation model.ResultsEmployees under 35 accounted for 70.8%of the 388 respondents,with more men(62.5%)than women(37.5%).The prevalence of health risk stress was 40.9%,and only 33 employees(8.7%)and 66 employees(17.4%)had high self-efficacy in diet and exercise respectively.Gender,age,marital status and education had impacts on eating and exercise behaviors and obesity status of employees(Chi-square test,P<0.05)Employees with health risk stress tend to eat while doing another activity(Chi-square test,P=0.001).Health-related behaviors could be improved by increased self-efficacy.Less fried food,sweeten beverages and sweets were taken(Chi-square test,P<0.05)among staffs with higher eating self-efficacy and they usually chose low sugar drink(Chi-square test,P<0.001).Higher exercise efficacy could help enterprise staffs perform better in terms of physical activity,sweat-inducing exercise,and walking habits(Chi-square test,P<0.001)Obesity was affected by gender,age,education,etc.,while the effects of perceived stress,self-efficacy and most diet and exercise behaviors were not significant.The proportion of overweight/obesity or central obesity were lower in women and those with junior college and above(Chi-square test,P<0.001).The risk of developing central obesity was significantly increased after 35 years old(OR=3.14,95%CI=1.21～8.14).From the relationship model of perceived stress,self-efficacy,behavior and obesity,a weak negative correlation was found between perceived stress and self-efficacy(r=-0.13,P=0.043)Self-efficacy had a positive effect on both eating behavior and exercise behavior,of which the standardized regression coefficient were 0.26(P<0.001)and 0.76(P=0.001)No direct effects were found between perceived stress and health-related behaviors,neither the effects of perceived stress,self-efficacy and behaviors on obesity statusConclusionsA majority of enterprise staffs were under high perceived stress and had a weak sense of self-efficacy.There were a variety of unhealthy eating and exercise behaviors among employees,and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were serious.Under health risk stress,employees had increased risk of eating distractions,and improving self-efficacy could promote health-related behaviors.Perceived stress,self-efficacy and health-related behaviors did not have significant effects on obesity.When carrying out health promotion projects in workplace,we need to include stress coping strategies and self-efficacy enhancement,and pay more attention to the health-related behaviors change.