Study On Processing Technology And Quality Standard Of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix Rubra

Objective:In this experiment,the best processing method of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra was optimized,and the quality standard was studied.The content of ginsenosides and inorganic elements was determined,which is of great significance for expanding the medical scope of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra,finding new drug sources and establishing the quality standard.Methods:1.In the processing technology of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra,the contents of ginsenosides Rb₁,Re and Rg₁ in Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Then,the contents of ginsenosides Rb₁,Re and Rg₁ in Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra under different processing technologies were compared.2.In the study on quality standards of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra,the pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China（2015edition）was adopted to determine the quality standards,and microscopic identification was carried out through the microscopic identification method（general principles 2001）;TLC（general rule 0502）was used for TLC identification.Water test is carried out by the second method（drying method）of general rule 0832;General rule 2302 was adopted for the total ash content examination;Lead,cadmium,arsenic,mercury,copper determination method（general 0412 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry）for the determination of heavy metals and harmful elements;Determination of pesticide residues was carried out by means of pesticide residues determination method（general principle 2341 organochlorine pesticide residues determination method-second method:gas chromatography）.The determination of aqueous and alcoholic extracts was carried out by the hot leaching method（general principle 2201）under the leaching determination method.The content of ginsenosides was determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）（general principle 0512）.In the study of the content determination of ginsenosides,the condition parameters of the characteristic spectrum were selected,and the chromatographic conditions,detection wavelength,flow rate and column temperature of the chromatographic column and mobile phase were optimized.The extraction solution,extraction method,extraction time and times of the test product;3.In the study of inorganic elements of western ginseng,Multiwave Go microwave digestion instrument and agilent5100 inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer were mainly used for determination.Results:in the study of processing technology of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra,the influence of three factors,namely,steaming time,drying temperature and drying time,on the processing of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra was in the following order:drying temperature>steaming time>drying time.In the study on quality standards of western ginseng,the average water content,total ash content and lead content were measured by6.868%,2.959%,59.388%,44.205%and 0.031mg/kg respectively.The average cadmium content was 0.086mg/kg.The average arsenic content was 0.045mg/kg.The average measurement of mercury was 0.0022mg/kg.The average copper content was 4.41mg/kg.The pesticide residues were 0.0083mg/kg in a batch of pentachloronitrobenzene,but no other results were detected.In the studies on the content determination of ginsenoside monomer saponin,the average content of ginsenoside Rg₁ was 0.1037%,the average content of ginsenoside Re was 0.9870%,the average content of ginsenoside Rb₁ was3.8122%,the average content of ginsenoside Rc was 0.2541%,the average content of ginsenoside Rb₂ was 0.0655%,and the average content of ginsenoside Rd was 0.4993%.The selection of liquid phase parameters was optimized,including chromatographic column,gradient elution condition,flow rate,detection wavelength,column temperature,and the selection,extraction method,extraction time and times of the extraction solution.The content of inorganic elements in the samples of the Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra was determined,and the data of the content of inorganic elements in the Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra were provided.Conclusion:in the western part of red ginseng processing technology research,the Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra processing one of the best techniques for steamed time 3 h,drying temperature 70℃,drying time,10 h.In the quality standard research part of Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra,water content shall not exceed 13.0%,total ash shall not exceed 5.0%,heavy metal and harmful element determination,lead shall not exceed 5mg/kg;Cadmium shall not exceed 0.3mg/kg;Arsenic shall not exceed 2mg/kg;Mercury shall not exceed 0.2mg/kg;Copper shall not exceed 20mg/kg.The total amount of pesticide residues must not exceed 0.2mg/kg;Total DDT shall not exceed 0.2mg/kg;Pentachloronitrobenzene must not exceed 0.1mg/kg;Hexachlorobenzene shall not exceed0.1mg/kg;Heptachlor shall not exceed 0.05mg/kg;Aldrin must not exceed 0.05mg/kg;Chlordane shall not exceed 0.1mg/kg.For the determination of alcohol-soluble extract,use70%ethanol as the solvent and not less than 30.0%.The total content of ginsenoside Rg₁,ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb₁ in the content determination shall not be less than2.0%.The column was Aglient Eclipse Plus C18（4.6×250mm,5μm）.Gradient elution conditions;The flow rate was 1ml/min.The detection wavelength was 203nm.Column temperature 35℃.The extraction solution of the test product was 40%ethanol,the extraction method was reflux for 1h,the extraction time was 60min,and the extraction times were 1 time.In the study of inorganic elements of western ginseng,the content of Ca and Mg increased,the content of P and Mn decreased,and the content of Na,K,Fe,Zn and other elements was not significantly different after western ginseng was processed into western ginseng.The results of sample cluster analysis showed that the samples of western ginseng 4-1 and 4-2 were one kind,the samples of western ginseng 3-1,3-2,5-1 and 5-2were one kind,and the rest of American ginseng and western ginseng were one kind.The experimental results of variable clustering analysis show that Mg,Mn and P belong to one category,K and Fe belong to one category,and the rest Na,Zn and Ca belong to one category.The results of principal component analysis showed that the X12 sample,namely the Panacis quinquefolii radix rubra 5-2 sample,had the best quality in the determination of inorganic elements.