Research On The Psychological Reactions And Treatments Of The Bereaved

Purpose:The focus of this research is on understanding the characteristics of a bereaved person’s psychological reactions,treatments and effects,analyzing the causes of the effects.More importantly,it aims at discovering bereaved persons’ psychologically experiencing rules and knowing about the needs of the bereavement interventions so as to provide some reference for dealing with the death consequences for the bereaved by carefully interviewing some bereaved persons to find their psychologically specific reaction processes,features of the sadness,ways of treatment and consequences of a death event.Method:This research was done by using a cross-sectional study,with quantitative studies combined with qualitative ones.(1)The methods of Convenience Sampling and Snowball Sampling were adopted in the quantitative part.441 valid bereaved persons were selected as the investigating objects.The questionnaire survey was conducted by using the following 4 scales,the General Data Questionnaire,IES-R,ICG-R and SCSQ.Then the software SPSS21.0 t was used to do the descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire result,t-test,rank sum test,multiple stepwise regression analysis,etc.(2)The Purpose Sampling Method and the Phenomenological Analysis Method with a semi-structured interview outline were employed for the qualitative research with 9 chosen cases of bereavement experience as the objects of the study to discover the real feelings of the bereaved,ending the interviews with transcribed,collated,analyzed and summarized data.Result:Quantitative research section:(1)The IES-R average of the bereaved samples is 33.25±16.9 and the detection rate of PTSD is 44.22%,consisting of 5% of no clinical symptom,32.2% of mild symptom,37.6% of moderate symptom and25.2% of severe symptom.The main symptom of PTSD is invasive,followed by avoidance and then high arousal one.The factors affecting the detection rate of the PTSD symptoms are the bereaved people’s level of education,the cause and the time of the death and the difference(P<0.05)is statistically significant.(2)The ICG-R average of the bereaved samples is 36.93±27.22 and only 2.5% of them(11 cases)accord with the PGD diagnostic criteria,lower than similar findings.The factors affecting the their grief degree lie on the bereaved persons’ ages,nationalities,education levels,marital statuses,as well as the cause of death,the time,the age and the relationship,the emotional level of the dead with the bereaved.The difference(P<0.05)is also statistically significant.(3)Positive attitude of the bereaved people towards the death of their close relations is the main trend,as a result of analyzing the coping style with IES-R and ICG-R by using Pearson Correlation Analysis,which shows that positively coping style does not have positive correlation with avoidance symptoms while negative coping style is positively related with PTSD symptoms and has positive correlation with IES-R and ICG-R.The positive coping style is statistically significant(P<0.05)in the three basic data of nationalities,marital status and family members’ monthly income,and so is the negative coping style(P<0.05)in ages,nationalities,marital statuses,family incomes,the relationship with the dead,the emotional attitude towards the dead,the cause of death,and the age of the dead.Qualitative research section:(1)The typical emotional expressions of the bereaved are woeful,difficult to accept the death,self-condemned,sorry,hard to forget the dead and empathic.Sadness is the most prominent reaction.(2)The consequences of the death on the bereaved mainly affects respectively the following three aspects,1)the outlook on life and the attitude towards life,2)the mental and physical aspects,3)their social relations.(3)Active treatment is the main way to deal with bereavement,though negative actions usually appear in the early stage of bereavement.Conclusion:(1)The bereaved commonly show woeful reactions and post-traumatic emergency reactions,which mainly are aggressive symptoms.The degree of grief is relatively weak,and time can effectively alleviate the degree of grief.(2)The main factors affecting the psychological reactions of the bereaved include sudden events,bereaved person’s advanced ages,loss of the most close(first-degree)relations,short time after the death,the death of the young and close relationship with the deceased.According to the particularity of the bereaved,making targeted bereavement interventions is an effective way to help them.(3)The negative emotions of the bereaved consist of sadness,difficulty to accept the death,self-condemning,yearning,regretting and empathy.Bereavement will cause a series of negative effects on the body,spirit and social relations of the bereaved.Correctly identifying the bereaved person’s emotions and behaviors and dialectically treat the consequences will benefit the guidance for bereavement intervention.(4)Part of the bereaved will take negative coping style or ignore the death,but most of them will actively respond to it.The concrete strategies are mainly to use well the social supporting system,actively seek ways to release the inner stress and mood,learn to accept it,adjust the optimistic attitude,play the role of faith,divert attention,and try to seek professional psychological assistance.