Status And Influencing Factors Of Workplace Psychological Violence Against Nurses

BACKGROUNDViolence poses a serious threat to human capital in the workplace.Whether physical violence or psychological violence,whether from the organization's internal personnel violence or violence from outside personnel,may cause serious damage to individual employees and organizations.The internal personnel of the organization are the most exposed personnel in the workplace,and the violence exerted by the internal personnel of the organization also brings great negative effects,such as increased work pressure,low morale,impaired mental health,and organizational aspects.The increase of staff absenteeism rate and staff turnover rate bring economic loss to the organization.According to previous research,18.5%-46.1%of nurses are suffering from workplace psychological violence.Exposure to psychological violence can lead to depression,fatigue,headaches,and reduced motivation to work,low working efficiency,even suicidal tendency.It also leads to the decrease of working enthusiasm and inefficiency of nurses,which affects the quality of nursing.Therefore,how to ensure the occupational safety of nurses,Improving nurses' physical and mental health has become a public health problem to be solved urgently.Therefore,this study will introduce the foreign workplace psychological violence assessment tools.On the basis of this,the quantitative and qualitative research methods was be used to analyse status of psychological violence and related factors among nurses.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to provide reference for further intervention and prevention of psychological violence.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to introduce the WPVB scale to provide a reliable tool for the measurement of psychological violence among nurses in China,and to investigate and analyse the characteristics of psychological violence in the workplace and its influencing factors.Combined with qualitative interviews,the deep causes and related factors of psychological violence suffered by nurses in the workplace were discussed in depth,which provided more new ways for the subsequent research,and provided research support for the management departments to further improve the management and prevention of psychological violence.METHODSThe research is divided into three parts:1.Using the Brislin translator model,after obtaining the authorizations of the original author,the workplace psychological violence behavior instrument(WPVB)was translated in Chinese and revised.Total of 300 nurses in two hospitals in Guangdong Province were investigated,and the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed.2.Total of 910 nurses from 6 hospitals of Guangdong Province were investigated by using the Chinese version of the Workplace Psychological Violence Behaviours insrument.The incidence,epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of psychological violence among nurses was analyzed.3.A semi-structured interview method was used to select 15 eligible interviewees for the study.The interview outline of nurses suffering from psychological violence in the workplace was designed,and the data were collected and analyzed by Generic analysis method.STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS1.Quantitative data:Statistical analysis was carried out by using Epidate 3.0 and SPSS20.0 software.The general data of nurses were described by frequency,percentage and mean ± standard deviation.Independent sample t test and correlation analysis were used for the project analysis of Chinese version of WPVB scale.The validity was evaluated by content validity and exploratory factor analysis.Internal consistency reliability,split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were used to evaluate reliability;The quartilewere used to describe scores of psychological violence;?2test was used for univariate analysis;and binary Logistics regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.2.Qualitative data:The qualitative data collected were analyzed by Generic analysis method.The interview records are read repeatedly and carefully,combed and classified information,identify multiple topics,and form sub-nodes.On this basis,some sub-nodes are merged to form a high-node at a higher level.It presents the feelings and thoughts of the interviewees in different categories,and attempts to present the readers with specific situations and the process of change.RESULTS1.The Cronbach's a coefficient and split-half reliability of the Chinese version of the total scale for psychological violence in the workplace are 0.964 and 0.902;the Cronbach's a coefficient of the four dimensions is 0.848?0.935,and the split-half reliability is 0.718?0.891.The retest reliability is 0.905.The item validity index of the scale is 0.83,and the content of the total table is 0.93.The validity index is 0.875.Four common factors were extracted from WPVB scale,and their cumulative variance contribution rates were 65.487%.2.The incidence of psychological violence among nurses was 28.1%.The main targets of attack were female(92.0%),non-only child(94.1%),and the age less than 30 years(58.8%),working less than 10 years(78.2%)and junior nurse(81.9%).The main aggressors were female(83.2%),31-40 years old(47.9%),senior nurse(43.0)or head nurse(22.7%).The reported rate of nurses suffering from psychological violence was only 38.7%.The only child(OR=0.301)was the protective factor of psychological violence,and the risk factor was the official nurse(OR=1.781),the attitude of tolerance(OR=2.008),and the attitude of reasoning and counterattack(OR=1.479),P<0.05.3.The results of qualitative study showed that individual factors(sex of perpetrator,personality,emotion,sex of victim,personality,education,seniority,personal ability and cope),organizational factors(organizational atmosphere,organizational connivance,organizational injustice and organizational management and institutional factors)and social factors(low status of nursing profession,psychological violence as a common social phenomenon,lack of relevant laws and regulations)are related factors affecting psychological violence in the workplace.CONCLUSION1.The Chinese version of WPVB is suitable for measuring the level of psychological violence in the workplace.2.The psychological violence of nurses is in the moderate level.Hospital administrators should make preventive measures according to the protective and risk factors,improve the occupational environment of nurses,promote the physical and mental health of nurses,and improve the quality of nursing.3.The related factors of nurses suffering psychological violence are complicated,nursing managers should consider more factors to promote the harmonious development of nursing occupational environment.