Chemical Constituents And Quality Standard Of Matricaria Chamomilla L. As Uygur Medicine

As Uygur Medicine,Matricaria chamomilla L.(Compositae)is well known as"Yangganju","Babunai","Babunaiji" in Xinjiang region of China.The dried whole herb is extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of joint pain,indigestion,impaired digestion,flatulence,amenorrhea,dysuria,blurred vision,stomatitis,and various inflammation.M.chamomilla is also popularly known as "German Chamomile","Chamomile","True Chamomile" and "Wild Chamomile" in many foreign countries,such as USA,Britain,South America,Europe,etc.The dried capitula are extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia,epigastric bloating,impaired digestion,flat-ulence and inflammation or irritations of the skin and mucosa(skin cracks,bruises,frostbite,and insect bites).Many national pharmacopoeias(including USA,British,European,etc.)contain a detailed quality standard of M.chamomilla capitula.For the whole herb of M.chamomilla as Uygur Medicine,only botanical origin,traits and identifications were recorded in Uygur Medicine Volume,Drug Standards of Chinese Ministry of Health.To clarify the chemical basis and improve the quality standards of M.chamomil-la,studies were made in several aspects,as following:1 An overview of M.chamomillaPrevious studies of M.chamomilla were reviewed on four aspects:species and distribution,chemical constituents,pharmacological activity,and quality standard and quantitative determination.2 Chemical constituents of M.chamomilla39 isolated compounds were purified by a combination of various chroma-tographies packing,including silica gel,C18,Sephadex LH-20,MCI,HP-20,etc.The structural identification was made by a combination of various spectroscopic tech-niques UV,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,2D NMR,MS and physic-chemical characters.Finally,34 known compounds were identified,including β-sitosterol(M1),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(M2),scopoletin(M3),ermanin(M4),hispidulin(M5),5,7,4’-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavonone(M6),6-methoxykaempferol(M7),kaempferol(M8),eupafolin(M10),luteolin(M11),quercetin(M13),3-methylquercetin(M16),7,22-diene-3,5,6-trihydroxyergosterol(M18),apigenin(M20),galangin(M21),dimeric coniferyl isovalerate(M22rep),stigmas-ta-22-ene-3,6-dione(M25-I),5α-stigmasta-3,6-dione(M25-Ⅱ),3β-hydroxy-5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene(M26),5-pentadecylbenze-ne-1,3-diol(M27),6β-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one(M28-I),6β-hydroxy-4-ene-3-one(M28-Ⅱ),3β-hydroxy7α-ethoxy-24β-ethylcholest-5-ene(M29),3β-hydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,8,22-trien-7-one(M31),7α-hydroxystigmasterol(M32),7β-hydroxystigmasterol(M33),7α-hydroxysitosterol(M34),7β-hydroxysitosterol(M35),Phytol(M36),isochlorogenic acid B(M38),isochlorogenic acid C(M39),bracteoside(M40),7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin(M41),glyceroyl monopalmi-tate(M46).Among them,27 compounds(M2,M4,M5,M6,M7,M10,M16,M18,M21,M22rep,M25-Ⅰ,M25-Ⅱ,M26,M27,M28-Ⅰ,M28-Ⅱ,M31,M32,M29-Ⅱ,M33,M34,M35,M38,M39 M40,M41,M46)were isolated from Matricaria genus.for the first time.And 28 compounds(M36 and the above 27 compounds)were isolated from M.chamomilla for the first time.3 Volatile constituents of M.chamomillaTo provide a comprehensive chemical profile of M.chamomilla volatiles,head-space solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)coupled with GC-MS was employed.The optimal experimental conditions were selected by the single factor experiment.The results showed that the best SPME fiber head was PDMS/DVB type,the best sample weight was 0.5 g,the best extraction temperature was 80℃,the best extrac-tion time was 10 min,and the best desorption time was 1 min.Based on the optimal conditions,9 different parts of M.chamomilla from 3 dif-ferent origins were analyzed to identify the volatile components.The results showed that the main volatile components in different parts of the same origin were highly similar,however,the main volatile components of different origin showed some dif-ference.The correlation between volatile components and quality of M.chamomilla should be further studied.4 Quantitative determination of caffeoylquinic acids in M.chamo-millaA HPLC-UV method was presented to determine the 6 caffeoylquinic acids,in-cluding neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid A,B,C in M.chamomilla.The sample preparations,and HPLC conditions were evaluated and optimized.The final method was fully validated in terms of accuracy,repeatability,stability and recovery.The results showed that the content of 6 caffeoylquinic acids in flowers were generally higher than that in the whole herb,the total content of chlorogenic acids(neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid)in whole herb and flowers were 0.17～1.98 and 0.84～3.98 mg/g,and the total content of isochlorogenic acids(isochlorogenic acid A,B,C)were 0.47～5.84 and 1.38～9.78 mg/g.As their various pharmacological activities,the caffeoylquinic acids could be used as reference standards to value the quality of M.chamomilla.5 Quality Standard of M.chamomilla as Uygur MedicineM.chamomilla whole herb was investigated referring to the content of loss on drying,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,extractum,and quantitative determination by HPLC method.According to the results of 11 batches of M.chamomilla whole herb,the quality requirement was suggested that the contents of loss on drying,total ash,acid-insoluble ash should be fewer than 10.0%,12.0%,2.0%,the content of extrac-tives(50%ethanol,the hot extraction method)should exceed 7.0%,and the total con-tent of chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A,B,C should exceed 0.1%.Based on the data,a quality standard of M.chamomilla was drafted to supply and improve the quality standard of M.chamomilla as Uygur Medicine.In summary,a serial study of M.chamomilla have been carried out,including the chemical constituents,the qualitative analysis of volatile constituents,the quantitative determination of caffeoylquinic acids,and the quality standard.The results of these studies will benefit to further development and resonable usage of M.chamomilla.