Effects Of The Nature And Flavor Subdivision Of Plantain Seed On Treatment Of Membranous Nephropathy

Plantain Seed is from the dry mature seeds of Plantago asiatica L.,Plantago depressa Willd.It is sweet flavor,cold in nature and was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing in Han Dynasty.Belonging to the liver,kidneys,lungs,small intestine.Its efficacy includes clearing heat,diuresis,excreting dampness and treating stranguria,removing heat from the liver and improving eyesight,relieve a cough and eliminating phlegm.For the "flavors"record of the Plantain Seed,Shennong Bencaojing and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010)only have "sweet" but in some ancient books has also been set out in the "sweet and salty" and"bitter and salty" two "flavors",such as Xinxiu Bencao and Bencao Jingjizhu.According to the results of traditional literature and modern pharmacology literatures,The results indicated that the effects of relicve a cough,eliminating phlegm,relieving fever were based on" sweet in flavo".and that the effect of diuresis,immunoregulation action and promote peristalsis were based on "salty in flavor".Membranous nephropathy is a kind of autoimmune disease,the main clinical manifestations of a large number of proteinuria,edema,high blood lipids and other nephrotic syndrome,the main treatment is mainly immunosuppressive drugs.In order to clarify the material basis of the "flavor" of the Plantain Seed,the Membranous nephropathy was selected to investigate the "flavor" and the belonging of the "flavor" of Plantain Seed.On the basis of the new hypothesis of TCM flavor theory fiom Professor Kuang Haixue,in our group,previous studies establish the split method of nature and flavor material foundation of Plantain Seed,and five compositions obtained were fatty oils composition,polysaccharide composition,flavone composition,iridoid composition and rest composition and study on the pharmacological evaluation of the large number of property flavor was carried out.According to the effect of diuresis,immunoregulation action and promote peristalsis were based on "salty in flavor",this paper is aim at to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the nature and flavor subdivision of Plantain Seed in the treatment of membranous nephritis,so as to find the material basis of its function,which provides a scientific basis for the new hypothesis,contents as followed:1.The efficacy of treatment of Membranous nephropathy on the nature and flavor subdivision of Plantain SeedThe modified Border method was used to produce rat Membranous nephropathy model(MN)by Cationization bovine serum albumin(C-BSA).On experimental Membranous nephropathy,to Pathomorp hology in light microscope,immunology and blood biochemistry as indicators,we discussion the five compositions treatment of Membranous nephropathy.The Results showed that the fatty oils composition and polysaccharides composition significantly decreased rats’ urinary protein excretion;improved the contents of TP in serum;improved rats’ blood,reduce the contents of TC and TG;improved rats’ renal function,reduce the contents of Scr and BUN,intervented rats’ expression of related factor,reduce the expression level of TNF-α、IL-1β and TGF-β1 in blood;improved rats’ pathological changes of the kidney,reduce the lesion of HE and PAS under the light microscope and electron microscope.Immunohistochemistry method showed that in treatment group the express of cytokine TNF-α、IL-1β、TGF-β1 and NF-κBp65 were lower than Model group;polysaccharides composition significantly improve the activity of SOD,decrease the content of MDA.The present study suggests that the fatty oils composition and polysaccharide composition are effective in rats with Membranous nephropathy.The material foundation of "salty" was polysaccharide composition and fatty oils cocomposition,which consistent with the results obtained before and provides a scientific basis for the new hypothesis.2.The study on regulation of immune function of Plantain Seed polysacchharidesThe polysaccharide composition is the material foundation of treatment of MN.Previous studies to determine the immune of Plantain Seed polysaccharides on nonspecific immunity,cellular immunity and humoral immunity has obvious inhibitory effect.Study on the mechanism of molecular level based on the previous studies,explore an important active groups of Plantain Seed polysaccharides immune function.In our group,the polysaccharides of Plantain Seed were isolated and purified.There are 7 new high molecular weight and acid heteropolysaccharides were isolated from Plantain Seed.Through concanavalin A(ConA)and LPS induced multiplication experiment of the mice spleen cells in vitro,research the Plantain Seed polysaccharides(pp),total polysaccharides after removingprotein(pp-d),the 7 new acid heteropolysaccharides(pp-1,pp-2,pp-3,pp-4,pp-5,pp-6,pp-7)and 7 kinds of acid heteropolysaccharides CMC reductionproucts(pp-1-Re,pp-2-Re,pp-3-Re,pp-4-Re,pp-5-Re,pp-6-Re,pp-7-Re)effect on immune function.The Results showed that pp and pp-d can inhibit lymphocyte proliferatio through ConA and LPS induced the mice spleen cells in vitro,but the two effects have no obvious difference;7 kinds of acid heteroPolysaccharides could inhibit the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and showed a certain dose effect relationship in different concentration,but 7 kinds of acid heteropolysaccharides by CMC reduction preparation into neutral heteropolysaccharide,ConA and LPS induced the mice spleen cells in vitro decreased or disappeared.The Results showed that pp,pp-d and pure polysaccharides had no cytotoxin activity.Protein was not the essential compoent of polysaccharides for immunosuppressive activity,confer the structure of sugar chain was an important active group playing an important role in immunesuppressive activity,such as uronic acid groups which play a very important role on the immune effect of plantain seed polysaccharides.The influence of other functional groups on the biological activity of polysaccharides,we need to be further study in the future.This article through animal experiments and experimental cell research explore the pharmacological effects of Plantain Seed polysaccharides and to provide the experimental basis for the clinical application of further development of Plantain Seed polysaccharides,and developed a good curative effect,small toxic and side effect,with independent intellectual property rights of polysaccharides Chinese materia medica innovation provides essential scientific basis.