| The experiment was conducted in the modern agricultural demonstration zone of Fengtai County,Huainan City,Anhui Province from 2017 to 2018.The production was based on the current main varieties and 74 japonica rice varieties(lines)cultivated by breeding units in recent years.Differences and interrelationships among quality indicators,yields,and their constituent factors of different types of rice,and selection of high-yield and high-quality rice varieties suitable for cultivation in Yanhuai Region in Anhui Province.Based on the cluster analysis of yield and taste value,three types of high field with good quality,high field with bad quality,and medium field with good quality were widely used in production,and the three most representative varieties are selected from each type(high-yield with good-quality types:Nanjing 9108,Nanjing 505,and Xudao 9;high-yield with bad-quality types:Wuyun 5051,Yangjing 1612,and Huajing 8;medium-yield with good-quality types:Fujing 1606,Suxiangjing 3,and Songzaoxiang 1.),To clarify its variety characteristics,in order to provide reference and theoretical support for the selection and breeding of high-yield with high-quality new rice varieties and rice production practices in Anhui.The main results were as follows:(1)In this test,74 rice varieties(lines)were selected based on growth period,field resistance to diseases and insect pests,and lodging conditions.Through cluster analysis of taste value and yield,four types of high field with good quality,high field with bad quality,medium field with good quality and medium field with bad quality were obtained.In 2017,there were 16 varieties(lines)of high yield with good quality varieties suitable for cultivation along the Yanhuai region in Anhui,including Nanjing 5718,Xudao 9 and Zhendao 99;15 varieties(lines)such as Wuyun 5051,Huajing 5 and Lianjing 12 were high yield with bad quality types;11 varieties(lines)such as Songzaoxiang 1,Huxiangjing 165 and Nanfan 1605 were medium field with high quality types;32 varieties(lines)such as Yanjing 16,Wuyunjing 32 and Shengdao 18-15 were medium field with bad quality types.In 2018,there were 16 varieties(lines)of high yield with good quality varieties suitable for cultivation along the Yanhuai region in Anhui,including Nanjing 5718,Changruan07-6,and Nanjing 505;14 varieties(lines)such as Yangjing 1612,Ningjing 040 and Lianjing15 were high yield with bad quality types;14 varieties(lines)of medium field with good quality varieties including Songzaoxiang 1,Su Xiu 867,and Suxiangjing 3;30 varieties(lines)such as Yanjing 16,Xindao 22,Huajing 295 were medium field with bad quality types.(2)The characteristics of these high yield with good quality japonica rice varieties and the indicators that showed significant or very significant differences from the other two types in this test were mainly that the yield was 8.35-9.16 t·ha-1 and the number of panicles per unit area was 310×104-320×104 ha-1,the grain number of per panicle was about 140,and the 1000-grain weight was more than 25 g;the taste value was 60-74,the gel consistency length was 80-90 mm,and the protein content was within 6%-8%;The disintegration value of RVA spectrum was about 1000 cP,and the subtraction value was below-200 cP.(3)There were significant differences in yield formation among different types of japonica rice.The medium yield with good quality type was lower than high yield with high-quality and high field with bad quality types in yield,which were 16.69%and 16.76%lower respectively.The high yield good quality types and high yield bad quality types were 33.78%,3.18%,5.34%,32.23%,2.90%,3.04%higher than in grain number per panicle,percentage of filled grain and 1000-grain weight.The number of stem tillers of medium yield with good quality type was higher than other types at jointing,heading,and maturity stages.Among them,the maturity stage was 14.63%and 11.06%higher than the high yield with good quality and medium yield with good quality types.The ratio of productive tillers to total tillers showed that the high yield with good quality>high yield with bad quality>medium yield with good quality.The leaf area index of high yield with good quality types was 7.58%and 13.5%higher than that of high yield with bad quality and medium yield with good quality types,and the leaf area attenuation rate was lower than the other two types.From heading to maturity stage,the material accumulation of high yield with good quality and high yield with bad quality types were 18.91%and 19.13%higher than the medium quality with good quality types,respectively;the population growth rate was 13.25%and 8.39%higher than the other two types;and the photosynthetic potential was 22.03%and 27.83%higher than the other two types;The net assimilation rate of high yield with good quality types was 2.64%and 5.02%higher than that of high yield with bad quality and medium yield with good types.(4)There were significant differences in quality indicators among different types of japonica rice.The brown rice rate and milled rice rate of high yield with good quality and medium yield with good quality types were 1.48%,1.18%,1.23%,and 2.30%higher than the high yield with bad quality types,respectively.The taste value was 18.64%and 16.95%higher than the high yield with bad quality types,respectively.In terms of appearance,viscosity,and balance degree,high yield with good quality and medium yield with good quality types were 34.00%,36.00%,33.33%,27.45%,37.5%,and 35.42%higher than the high yield with bad quality types.High yield with bad quality type was 12.12%higher than the other types in hardness.The amylose content of high yield with bad quality was 39.31%and 42.63%higher than the high yield with good quality and medium yield with good quality types.The high yield with good quality and medium yield with good quality types were 22.06%and 19.12%longer than the high yield with bad quality types in gel consistency,and the protein content was 7.31%and 4.79%lower than the high yield with bad quality types.The disintegration values of high yield with good quality types were 22.32%and 3.37%higher than the high yield with bad quality and medium yield good quality types,while the setback and consistence were 324.20%,115.95%,30.24%,and 17.49%lower than the other types. |
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