Evaluation And Cultivation Techniques Of New Japonica Rice Varieties In Henan

At present,the genetic basis of indica rice cultivars is narrow and lacks efficient cultivation and supporting measures.In this study,the genetic diversity,yield,quality and disease resistance of japonica rice in in southern Henan and regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan were analyzed,and two new varieties,Yudao 16 and Yunongjing 12,were used as materials for disease resistance identification and resistance.The genetic testing and suitable cultivation techniques of rice blast disease were used to analyze the genetic diversity and ecological adaptability of new japonica rice varieties in Henan,and provide a basis for breeding and high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Henan japonica rice varieties.The main findings are as follows:A total of 40 alleles were detected in 22 test materials using 13 pairs of SSR molecular markers.The polymorphism coefficient was 0.091-0.455.The average genetic similarity coefficient of 22 new japonica rice varieties was 0.826;Using UPGMA method for cluster analysis,the tested materials could be grouped into 4 categories,of which group I belonged to japonica rice in southern Henan.Class II,III and IV belong to regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan;Through the agronomic traits clustering and principal component analysis of 22 new japonica rice varieties,the contribution value of the whole growth period is 67.06 %,indicating that the difference between the test materials is mainly reflected in the whole growth period;the japonica rice in southern Henan has higher genetic diversity than that in regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan,but the genetic similarity is high and the genetic distance is close.The new japonica rice variety in regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan has higher yield than that in southern Henan,reaching 649.56 kg/hm2,mainly due to the increase of effective panicle number,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.The increase in the yield of japonica rice in southern Henan requires a coordinated relationship between the number of effective panicles and the number of grains per panicle.The new japonica rice varieties in regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan have better processing quality than that in southern Henan,and the roughness,fine rice rate and whole milled rice rate reached 85.97 %,74.93 % and 67.99 %,respectively.There is no significant difference in cooking and eating quality along the varieties in southern Henan and regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan.The new japonica rice variety in regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan has stronger resistance to rice sheath blight than that in southern Henan,and the southern Henan japonica rice has stronger resistance to rice blast and resistance to bacterial blight.The yield of Yudao 16 is higher in southern Henan,excellent cooking and eating quality,and excellent processing quality in regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan.Yunongjing 12 has higher yield and excellent appearance quality in southern Henan.It has excellent processing quality and cooking and eating quality in regions alongside Huanghe river of Henan.In the disease resistance analysis,Yudao 16 had resistance to rice blast genes Pish,Pik and Pi5,and the resistance was evaluated as MR.Yunongjing 12 had resistance to rice blast genes Pia,Pita2,Pish,Pi5 and Ptr,and the resistance was evaluated as MS.Under the planting conditions of hand transplanting,Yudao 16 and Yunongjing 12 have higher yield and excellent processing quality,and the cooking and eating quality is excellent under machine transplanting conditions.