Present Situation And Optimizing Way Of Spreading And Application Mode Of Mixed Formula Fertilizer

As an important agricultural resource,chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in agricultural production.Scientific application of chemical fertilizer is an important guarantee for improving resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development of agriculture.Mixed formula fertilizer as the carrier of soil testing and formula fertilization technology is an important manifestation of guiding farmers to apply fertilizer scientifically.Since the project of soil testing and formula fertilization started in 2005 in China,remarkable achievements have been achieved in improving farmers’fertilization concept and fertilizer utilization efficiency.Various application modes of mixed formula fertilizers have been evolved.A large number of researchers have made many studies on the government-led soil testing and formula fertilization projects and put forward optimization suggestions.However,there is insufficient research on the application modes of mixed formula fertilizers for other main bodies such as enterprises,cooperatives and so on.Thus,first through visiting,observing and investigating the distributors and fertilizer stations operating mixed formula fertilizers to understand the basic information.Second using SWOT analysis,requirement analysis of farmers and value chain analysis to analysis the perspective of mark house,economy and farmers damand.Lately this paper makes an overall comparison of various popularization and application modes of mixed formula fertilizer.Combining with the demonstration of popularization and application mode of direct-operated mixed formula fertilizer in Xin’an Town of Zhengding County,this paper probes into the restrictive factors of the popularization and application mode of mixed formula fertilizer at the present stage in China from five links of"measurement-formula-production-supply-application",and constructs the application way of mixed formula fertilizer in large-scale popularization in China.The main results are as follows:1.It is responsible for the cost of soil testing,fertilization guidance and the division of the main operators who provide the formula according to"soil testing-formulation-fertilizer production-fertilizer supply-fertilizer application"five links,the popularization and application modes of mixed formula fertilizers in China can be divided into five categories:government-led type,direct operation of enterprises type,enterprise-led large formulation type,agricultural enterprise cooperative leading type and farmers cooperatives-led type.2.Comparison of five kinds of application modes:Government-led has the best society effect,51%and 45%of farmers want the government to lead the service of soil testing and fertilization guidance.Compared with the other four modes,the price of fertilizer purchased by government-led farmers is the lowest.But the government led type cost burden is heavy and long-term operating mechanism is poor.The gross profit of enterprises directly managed by enterprises is the highest.The initial investment cost of direct operation is high,farmers’demand for soil survey,fertilizer supply and service of enterprises is only 12%,17%and 3%,respectively,which is high risk.Enterprise-led large formulation fertilizer distributors have the highest profits,but the matching degree between fertilizer and land is poor,and the price of farmer’s purchasing fertilizer is high.Agricultural enterprise cooperative leading type have advantages in solving the problem of peasant household production,but the profit of distributors is not as high as that of enterprise-led large formulation type and farmers’demand for enterprise services is low.Farmers’cooperatives-led type have advantages in long-term operation mechanism.50%of peasant households want cooperatives to supply fertilizer,cooperatives have remarkable advantages in fertilizer supply.however,the cooperative-led type has poor society efficiency and is seriously affected by the local market environment.3.Empirical study on the popularization and application models of mixed formula fertilizer of direct operation of enterprises.The main problems in soil testing and formulation are serious time constraints,unable to take soil in time.The construction cost of factory building in the production of formula fertilizer is high.The production of formulated fertilizers according to formula is severely restricted by raw materials,fertilizer packaging and storage classification.Throughout the links of fertilizer supply and application,83%of the small farmers buy fertilizer according to time and demand,92%of the large farmers buy fertilizer on credit.More than 200 farmers have been trained,but they do not use scientific planting technology.Farmers’habit of purchasing and applying fertilizer can hardly be changed by propaganda and popularization alone.But after providing services to farmers of the experimental fields,56%of farmers in experimental fields accepted scientific planting technology.In the validation of formula fertilizer effect,95%of the farmers applied formula fertilizer had higher corn yield than the farmers used normal fertilizer,the average increase rate was 12.6%.The average synergy of PFP_P treated with formula was 56.5%,the average income of farmer households treated with formula fertilizer was 16%higher than that of farmer practice.4.Comparative analysis of five modes and demonstration of direct operation of enterprises type,summarizing the restrictive factors of the extension and application modes of mixed formula fertilizer are as follows:(1)lack of uniform standards and regulatory regulations restricts of the operation links;(2)initial investment risk is high,the formula is not uniform and the efficiency of fertilizer allocation is low;(3)farmers’traditional habit of purchasing and applying fertilizer is difficult to change.According to the restrictive factors,the effective operation way of the popularization and application mode of mixed formula fertilizer was put forward.(1)the functions of each service subject should be clearly defined;(2)governments in all regions should formulate supervision standards for the four links of"soil testing-formulation-fertilizer production-fertilizer supply"according to local conditions and assign different supervisory departments to supervise according to different links;(3)concentrated supply of fertilizer to farmers according to the regional division of formula fertilizer;(4)construction of demonstration farmland combined with supporting technology to emphasize demonstration effect on farmers.At the same time,establishment of popularization and application mode for large area of mixed formula fertilizer.The main operating mechanism is to establish agricultural service platforms which made up of governments,universities and agricultural research institutions,responsible for top-level design and supervisory authority.Establish or authorize soil testing institutions to assist farmers’cooperatives in soil testing.Farmer cooperatives are responsible for collecting soil,purchasing formula equipment and raw materials,and providing prescription fertilizer and fertilization guidance.To sump up,this paper summarizes five modes of popularization and application,analysis the advatages and disadvantages of them.Combining with the verification of direct operation of enterprises find out the restrictive factors of popularization and application mode of mixed formula fertilizer and put forward effective ways of operation.According to the restrictive factors and the effective operation ways,the optimum way for the application of mixed formula fertilizer in large area was advanced.