Irrigation And Fertilization Strategy And Quality Control For Water And Fertilizer Integrated Facility Grape In Wind-sand Region Of Northern Shanxi

The wind-sand area in northern Shanxi has good light and heat conditions and has unique regional advantages in the cultivation of characteristic economic forests.However,the region has little rainfall and large evaporation,and water shortage is an important factor limiting local agricultural development.At the same time,the traditional“big water and big fertilizer”model not only causes a lot of waste of water resources and fertilizers,but also causes bottlenecks in the improvement of crop yield and quality.Formulating a reasonable and efficient irrigation and fertilization system to improve crop yield,quality,water and fertilizer use efficiency are key measures to increase local farmers'income,improve the ecological environment,and maintain healthy and stable economic development.In response to the above problems,from February 2017 to July 2018,the study conducted greenhouse grape tests under different water and fertilizer conditions in Yuhe Farm,Yuhe Town,Yulin City,Shaanxi Province.In this paper,the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on greenhouse grape yield,quality,and water and fertilizer utilization were analyzed.The revised FAO Penman-Monteith formula was used as a standard to explore the applicability of six simple methods for estimating greenhouse grape water requirement.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?The effects of different fertilization treatments on the changes of soil available nutrient contents in different periods of greenhouse vineyards were statistically significant.In the growth stage of grape shoots,the highest available nitrogen content in the?0,50?cm soil layer of T2 was beneficial to the vegetative growth of grape plants during this period,which provided a good foundation for the later accumulation of yield.In the grape fruit expansion period and coloring mature period,the highest content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the?0,50?cm soil layer is T2,which has a significant effect on improving the quality of the grapes.In summary,T2 in drip irrigation is an effective fertilization method suitable for greenhouse grape cultivation in this region.In addition,the study found that the traditional fertigation method of“big water and big fertilizer”will lead to more loss of fertilizer efficiency,nutrient migration to deep soil,pollution of groundwater,and destruction of the ecological environment.?2?Among the six simple estimation methods,the Hargreaves formula is the closest to the modified FAO Penman-Monteith formula,while the Priestley-taylor,Makkink,and Turc methods have significant deviations.Regression calculations were performed on ET₀calculated according to the FAO Penman-Monteith formula and the Hargreaves formula.The empirical coefficient is obtained:a=0.6206,b=2.1556,and the corrected calculation result is more accurate.?3?The amount of irrigation had significant effects on grape yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity.Fertilization amount only had a significant effect on the partial productivity of fertilizer;grape yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity were affected by water and fertilizer interaction.Increasing the amount of water and fertilizer in a certain range is conducive to the increase of yield and water and fertilizer utilization rate,but the excessive supply of water and fertilizer will bring about a significant negative effect and adversely affect agricultural production.Different water and fertilizer treatments of drip irrigation have a significant effect on grape fruit quality?except for soluble sugar and Vc content?.?4?Through the principal component analysis of the indicators of greenhouse grapes,it is concluded that the W2F2 in the drip irrigation treatment whose irrigation amount is 3045m³/hm²,and fertilization quantity is 840⁸50 kg/hm² is the optimal irrigation and fertilization suitable for local greenhouse grape cultivation mode.