| Aimed at the problems of drought,barren soil and extensive fertilizer and water management in main cultivation vineyard of Wuzhong Hongsibu, Studying the regular of water and fetiziler requirement and reasonable application through field experiments and laboratory analysis by taking 3-years-old wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" as test material. Making reasonable irrigation and application system of wine grape under the condition of reasonable systems of irrigation and fertilization, Further, research the effcet of adding middle, trace element fertilizer and different organic fertilizer on grape growth and development, yield and quality based on the fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, To explore the effect and its application prospect,of organic fertilizer replace chemical fertilizer,as well as intensive study the coordinated effect of water and fertilizer.raising the integrated Soil-Fertilizer-Water management technology to provide scientific theory basis for high yield and high quality and efficient cultivation of wine grape. The main results of this study are as follows:(1) The yield and quality under the condition of drip irrigation were higher than the conventional furrow irrigation. The amount of 100 m3/667m2 drip irrigation was obvious saving water,but the lower water using efficiency,yield and quality of wine grapes also will be lower.The amount of 250 m3/667m2 has a highest water using efficiency, can significantly promote vegetative growth of wine grapes, while increasing yield and improving quality.By the simulation of the relationship of different drip irrigation and wine grape yield, the highest yield of wine grape irrigation amount is 248.94 m3/667m2, the maximum economic efficiency of irrigation amount is 240.60 m3/667m2.(2) With the increase of N, P, K total nutrient drip irrigation fertilizer, shoot length and chlorophyll content increased, single grain weight, grain size also increased, fertilizer application of 42 kg/667m2 reduce the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight, promote the accumulation of dry matter, and increased the ratio of sugar to acid, anthocyanin content is higher compared with conventional fertilization significantly improved. By the simulation of the relationship of different fertilizer application and wine grape yield, the highest yield of wine grape fertilizer application is 43.51 kg/667m2, the maximum economic efficiency of fertilizer application is 37.58 kg/667m2.(3) Adding micro-nutrients such as Ca, Mg, Zn,Cu,Fe and B can promote the grape growth and development under the premise of strong alkaline soil in the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiumsoil, yield and quality in Strong alkaline soil. Among them, adding Fe conducive to the growth leaves, grape leaves net photosynthetic rate, increase the amount of dry matter accumulation and soluble sugar content; adding Mg could significantly promote the growth of new shoots; adding Cu increased the fruit weight and yield of single particle; adding B improved the content of tannins and anthocyanins in fruits, also as the quality of wine grape.(4) Applying organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil of barren area can promote growth and improve the quality of wine grape.Humic acid of WuFeng can significantly promote the growth of new shoots, inhibit secondary shoot incidence rate,but compared with conventional fertilization has no significant effect on plant height. Compared to other less fertilizer, Biological organic fertilizer of root ability in Shanxi Changxin can decrease the secondary shoot number,and little effect on the growth of new shoots. The biological organic fertilizer of attapulgite can promote the growth of new shoots, can effectively control the secondary shoot number, compare to conventional fertilization, plant height increased by 6.64%. Organic fertilizer of Qingdao Eight Fu Xian seafood can increase secondary shoot number. It’s easy to cause the waste of nutrients. The results of comparative between different amount of organic fertilizer show that; biological organic fertilizer of root ability in Shanxi Changxin had significantly increasing yield effect, as well as the fruits of single particle weight, particle size, ear length. In terms of quality, the application of attapulgite biological organic fertilizer make sugar acid ratio becomes larger, higher total phenolic, anthocyanin content in fruit, moderate tannin content, quality was the best.(5) The collaborative supply of the water and fertilizer can promote the growth and quality of wine grape effectively, irrigation amount is 241.85m3/667m2 and fertilizer application is 42 kg/667m2 can increase the dry matter accumulation of plants, improve the content of sugar, the ratio of sugar to acid, reduce the acidity, as well as improve grape flavor and quality. Compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization, yield increased by 16.49%. |
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