Effects Of Water And Fertilizer Coupling On Physiological Growth,Yield And Quality Of Drip Irrigation Grapes In Tuha Basin

Object:The low efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in extreme arid regions.This paper studies the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the water consumption,physiological growth and yield and quality of drip irrigation grapes,and applies mathematical statistical analysis methods according to crop response indicators.The comprehensive evaluation of water and fertilizer use provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the management of drip irrigation grape water and fertilizer in the region.Methods:Through the field experiment,the 15a ?2003 planted?mature seedless white grape vine in the test station was used as the test material.According to the local production management experience,2 factors of irrigation and fertilization were set up,among which the irrigation level was 4 levels:600,675,750.825 mm ?labeled W1,W2,W3,W4,respectively?;fertilization treatment 3 levels:450,750,1050 kg/hm² ?labeled F1,F2,F3,respectively?,using N:P₂O₅:K₂O=2:1:2 fertilization ratio.The test was carried out in a completely combined design according to the above treatment levels,with a total of 12 treatments and 3 replicates.Results:?1?Irrigation has a significant effect on water consumption ?P<0.05?.Irrigation and coupling effect of water and fertilizer have a significant effect on water consumption intensity ?P<0.01?.Fertilization has no significant effect on water consumption and water consumption intensity ?P>0.05?.Under different water and fertilizer treatments,the total water consumption of grape during the whole growth period was between665.96 mm and 902.9 mm.The peak period of water requirement of grape is berry growth period and berry ripening period.Water consumption intensity increases first and then decreases with the development of growth period.The water consumption of grape under W3F2 treatment can be regarded as the water demand law of grape in the region.Combining with meteorological data,the calculation shows that the germination period of grape crop coefficient is 0.80,the growth period of new shoot is 1.09,the flowering period is 1.13,the growth period of berry is 1.07,the ripening period of berry is 1.03,and the ripening period of branch and vine is 0.82.?2?The effects of water and fertilizer coupling and irrigation factors on the length and stem diameter of drip-irrigated grape under different time nodes reached extremely significant level ?P<0.01?.The fertilization factors applied to the new shoot length and stem diameter of drip irrigation under different time nodes.The effects of the new shoots reached a significant level ?P<0.05?.Under the different fertilization conditions,the length and stem diameter of the drip-filled grape under different fertilization treatments showed that the new shoot length and stem diameter increased with the irrigation amount under the same fertilization conditions.Firstly,the trend of increasing and then decreasing,under the same irrigation condition,the length and stem diameter of the grape increased with the increase of fertilizer application.?3?The effect of water and fertilizer coupling on the relative water content of drip irrigation grape leaves reached a significant level ?P<0.05?,and the effect on leaf saturated water content reached a very significant level ?P<0.01?.The leaf water content showed a regular trend in the water and fertilizer interval.The relative content of chlorophyll in the leaves of drip irrigation with different water and fertilizer treatments showed a trend of increasing gradually with the growth period,and the growth rate showed a decreasing trend.At the same time,the relative content of chlorophyll in leaves was positively correlated with the amount of water and fertilizer.?4?The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the net photosynthetic rate?P_n?,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance ?G_s?,intercellular CO₂ concentration ?C_i?and leaf water use efficiency ?WUE?of drip irrigation grape leaves at different growth stages were all reached.The significant level ?P<0.01?,P_n,T_r,G_s and WUE of drip irrigation with different water and fertilizer treatments increased first and then decreased with the growth period,reaching the maximum in the berry growth period,C_i showed the opposite trend;During the growth period,the indicators showed a regular trend with the increase and decrease of water and fertilizer use.?5?The maximum photosynthetic yield ?F_v/F_m?,PS? potential photochemical efficiency ?F_v/F₀?,photochemical quenching coefficient ?q^P?,non-photochemical quenching coefficient?q^N?,photoinhibition of grape leaves in different growth stages The degree of ?1-q^P/q^N?,PS? actual photochemical quantum efficiency??PS??and apparent electron transport efficiency?ETR?all reached extremely significant levels?P<0.01?;F_v/F_m of drip irrigation grape leaves under different water and fertilizer treatments F_v/F₀,q^P,?PS? and ETR both increased first and then decreased with the growth of the growth period,reaching the maximum in the berry growth period.However,q^N and 1-q^P/q^N showed opposite trends;the indicators in different growth stages showed a regular trend with the increase and decrease of water and fertilizer use.?6?The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the yield,water use efficiency and quality of drip irrigation were extremely significant ?P<0.01?.iWUE,PFP and yield were the highest in W2F3,W3F1 and W3F2,respectively.The W1F1 treatment increased yield by 29.76%.The soluble solids,titratable acid and vitamin C were the highest in W3F2,W4F2 and W4F3 respectively.There was no significant difference between the optimal treatment of titratable acid and vitamin C and W3F2 treatment.The quality index was generally in W3F2.The treatment reached a superior level.Conclusion:Based on principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis,the net photosynthetic rate ?P_n? of drip irrigation grape response,the maximum photochemical yield ?F_v/F_m?,yield,irrigation water use efficiency,fertilizer partial productivity,soluble solids,titratable comprehensive evaluation of acid and vitamin C showed that the optimal water and fertilizer treatment was W3F2 ?irrigation volume 750 mm,fertilization volume 750 kg/hm²?,of which N?300 kg/hm²?-P₂O₅?150 kg/hm²?-K₂O?300?kg/hm²).Using the multiple regression method to construct the binary quadratic regression equation of each response index and water and fertilizer dosage of drip irrigation grape,combined with the normalization method,the acceptable area of?0.85 maximum is defined as a reasonable acceptable range,and finally determine the drip irrigation grape in extreme arid area.The suitable amount of water and fertilizer is:irrigation amount725?825 mm;fertilization amount 684?889 kg/hm²,of which N?273.6?355.6 kg/hm²?-P₂O₅?136.8?177.8 kg/hm²?-K₂O?273.6?355.6 kg/hm²?.