| In this study,the main plant variety Qingshu No.9 in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia was used as the research material,dual-mulching of furrow-and-ridge with different materials to collect rainwater,the ridge as rainfall collection area and the ditch as planting area.In order to study the effects of different furrow and ridge binary structures on the migration of soil water,temperate and inorganic nitrogen(nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen)at different sites of potato growth and yield,using five kinds of ridges and furrows mulch modes:ridges were covered with plastic film and furrows mulched with common plastic film(BD),seepage film(BS),bast fiber film(BM),maize straw(BJ)and uncovered(BB),the popular among local farmers as the control(CK)was with a total of 6 treatments.The aim is to explore the optimal covering material to determine the appropriate ridge and ridge binary coverage planting pattern.The results are as follows:1.The soil water storage capacity of 0～100 cm layer on ridge side(planting row),ditch and ridge under different dual mulching planting modes decreased-increased-decreased as the growth period progressed.As for the average value of soil water storage in 0～100 cm layer during the whole growth period,the soil water storage treated by ridge mulching film and furrow mulching film,straw mulching film and hemp mulching film is shown as ridge side(planting row)>furrow>ridge top.Soil water storage capacity of furrow covered with plastic film and furrow not covered with plastic film was in the order of furrow>ridge side(planting row)>ridge.Compared with flat cropping,different mulching treatments can increase the soil water storage capacity of 0～100 cm layer on the ridge side,in the ditch and on the ridge.in the whole growth period,BJ treatment had the highest soil water storage capacity on ridge side,which was significantly increased by 20.8%compared with CK,followed by BB and BD,which were both significantly increased by 12.0%compared with CK.The soil water storage capacity of 0～100 cm layer in the ditch was highest in BS treatment at seedling stage,which was 22.8%higher than CK treatment.BJ treatment was higher in the bud stage and later stage,and increased by 26%and 9.4%compared with CK treatment,followed by BD treatment.In the middle period(tuber formation period-tuber enlargement period),BB treatment was the highest,followed by BJ treatment.BJ treatment was the best for soil water storage in 0～100 cm layer on ridge during the whole growth period,followed by BD and BM treatment.2.Under different furrow and ridge covering planting modes,the average soil temperature on the ridge side and in the furrow of 5-25cm layers under each treatment showed an increasing-decreasing trend with the advancement of growth period.The average temperature of the soil on the ridge showed a trend of increasing-decreasing-increasing-decreasing with the growth period.The average soil temperature in ridges and ditches of 5-25 cm layers in BD treatment has significant warming effect during the whole growth period,the medium-term warming effect before BM and BB treatment is significant,and the cooling effect before and during BS and BJ treatment is significant.Each treatment on the ridge showed a warming effect and was significantly different from CK.Each covering treatment on ridge showed warming effect and was significantly different from CK.3.The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the 0～100 cm layer ridge,ridge side and ditch soil under different furrow and ridge covering modes decreased gradually with the deepening of soil layer,and the 0～40 cm layer soil was the most significant.The nitrate nitrogen content of 0-100 cm layer furrow and ridge soil at different ecological positions during tuber swelling period was highest in BD treatment,starch accumulation period-harvest period by BJ and BM treatment,and the nitrate nitrogen content of BJ treatment was highest in other growth periods,followed by BD and BM treatment.The ammonium nitrogen content of 0-100 cm layer ridge side and furrow soil in harvest period was higher with BD treatment,followed by BJ and BM treatment,the highest with BJ treatment in other growth periods,followed by BD and BM treatment.The ridge showed that BJ treatment was the highest in seedling stage,tuber swelling stage and later stage,followed by BD treatment.BD treatment was the highest in bud stage and tuber formation stage,followed by BJ and BM treatment.4.Under different furrow and ridge covering planting modes,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,aboveground dry matter quality and dry mass of the ground were higher than the flat treatment.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of potatoes in each treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the growth period.The highest plant height of BS treatment was 28.3%higher than CK treatment in the early stage,and the highest plant height of BJ treatment was 25.2%higher than CK treatment in the middle and late stage.From the whole growth period,the stem diameter and leaf area index of BJ treatment increased by 14.2%and 18.7%respectively compared with CK,followed by BD treatment.The dry matter quality of above-ground and under-ground increased gradually with the development of growth period.In the early stage,BS treatment was higher,which was 52.9%and 107.5%higher than CK respectively.BJ treatment was higher in the middle and late stage,which was 66.5%and 131.5%higher than CK respectively.5.Under different furrow and ridge covering modes,the nitrogen content of various organs in potato plants shifted with the development of growth period,the proportion of nitrogen in leaves>stems>roots gradually decreased and the nitrogen content in tubers gradually increased from the tuber formation period.Total nitrogen content in leaves,stems,roots and tubers of potato treated with BJ was the highest during the whole growth period,followed by BD treatment.6.The total yield of each treatment under different furrow and ridge covering modes was significantly higher than that of conventional CK.The total yield of potato treated with BJ and BD was higher than that of commercial potato rate,and the total yield was increased by 50.2%and 36.2%respectively compared with CK.Commercial potato rate increased 57.5%and 42.7%respectively compared with CK.7.The main component analysis of potato yield and soil water,temperature,inorganic nitrogen,growth index and plant nitrogen under different furrow and ridge covering modes.The effect of soil water temperature and fertilizer under different furrow and ridge cover and its effect on the growth of soil potato are higher than that of flat treatment.The treatment was flat,and the mulch covered mulch covered with straw(BJ)had the highest impact. |
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