| In recent years,the quantity safety and quality safety of cultivated land have been decreasing year by year,which has caused great challenges to the cultivated land in our country.In the saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta,where development level and food fertility are not high,the profit of traditional wheat-corn rotation mode has been decreasing with each passing year due to the decline of food prices and frequent extreme weather.The Ministry of Agriculture formulated a grain-feeding program to start reducing corn planting area and increasing feed acreage in 2015.In this research we compared the difference of crop yield and quality and soil physical and chemical properties in different intercropping patterns,as well as the effects of different crops and crops on the environment.The experiment was carried out in saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River Delta.Different rotation patterns were used to explore common crops in saline-alkali land production.The most economical multi-crop rotation model provides theoretical guidance for farmers' actual production.1.Effects of different intercropping patterns on crop yield and qualityCompared with CKW,the net area of W15A5 and W15A10 wheat showed a significant increase in the number of ears per hectare and 1000-grain weight,while the difference in kernel number was not significant.Compared with the two treatments,although the number of spikes per mu in the net area of W15A10 wheat was significantly higher than that of W15A5(P < 0.05),there was no significant difference in the number of spikes per mu and 1000-grain weight,and there was no significant difference in the net area yield between the two treatments.The net yield per unit area of M5A10 and M5A5 treated corn was significantly higher than that of CKM.However,the difference in ear length and ear diameter is not significant.The yield of alfalfa hay treated with CKA was 7807.31 kg,and the total dry yield of GA10 and GA5 per year was 7733.37 kg and 7685.70 kg,respectively,which were lower than CKA,but the difference between the three was not significant.The difference in the yield of the first crop alfalfa hay between the treatments was not remarkable,and the yield of thesecond meal of WMA5 was significantly lower than that of CKA,although WMA10 was also lower than that of the control,but the difference was not significant.The third dry matter WMA5,WMA10 dry matter production was significantly higher than CKA,and WMA5 yield was higher than WMA10.The crude protein content of WMA5 in the first and second treatments was significantly lower than that in WMKA,and the WMA10 content was also lower than WMKA,but the difference was not significant.The crude protein content of the third differentially processed WMA5 and WMA10 was significantly higher than that of CKA,and the difference between the treated WMA5 and the control reached a very notable level.In the wheat season,the land equivalent ratio of W15A5 and W15A10 was 0.98 and 0.99.In the corn season,the land equivalent ratio for treating M5A5 was 1.06;the land equivalent ratio for treating M5A10 was 1.02.Both land equivalent ratios are greater than 1,and M5A5 is higher than M5A10.The WAT5 and WMA 10 th anniversary land equivalent ratios are 1.70 and 1.50 respectively,WMA5 is higher than WMA10,and the land annual output is the highest.2.Effects of different intercropping patterns on soil qualityThe effects of various crops on soil salinity decreased with increasing soil depth.Wheat and alfalfa mainly reduced the salt in the 0-40 cm soil layer.The intercropping of wheat can effectively reduce the salt content around the wheat roots,which is beneficial to the increase of wheat yield.On the whole,with the deepening of the soil layer,the soil salinity in the wheat season showed a trend of decreasing gradually,and the corn season showed a gradually increasing trend.Soil moisture was lowest in June.With the increase of the month,the soil water content of each soil layer increased gradually,and the water content of 0-10 cm soil increased the most.Compared with before the colonization,the soil organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers increased with time.The soil organic carbon content of0-10 cm soil layer before harvesting is more than twice the content of 10-20 cm soil layer.The content shows obvious surface aggregation,which is a classic feature of the Yellow River Delta wetland.After one year,the increase of organic carbon in the 0-10 cm soil layer of CKA was the largest,and the increase of CKWM treatment was the smallest,which was only68.66% of CKA treatment.However,in the 10-20 cm soil layer,the CKA content is 65.38 of the CKWM content,which is exactly the opposite.This indicates that intercropping grain crops will gradually increase the content of organic carbon by 10-20 cm,which eliminate the phenomenon of surface aggregation.3.Screening of the best rotation modeCompared with the six rotation modes,the T-P mode has the highest economic benefit.The reason is mainly that the small rye is superior to wheat in salt-tolerant,drought-resistance and anti-freezing ability,so that the rye is reduced in pesticide and fertilizer input,and the final production and investment ratio is more than twice that of wheat.Therefore,the former crop rye is better than wheat.Compared with sorghum,peanut and corn,the three summer crops have the highest sorghum benefit,while the inputs of the three are not much different,so peanut is the best choice for summer crops.In summary,the T-P model can show the highest economic benefits. |
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