Study On Suitable Amount Of Commercial Organic Fertilizer For Winter Potato Production

At present,there are many researches on fertilizer efficiency and balanced fertilization for winter-planting potato,but few studies have been done on the suitable amount of organic fertilizer.Therefore,it is necessary to study the effect of commercial organic fertilizer on potato growth and mineral nutrient absorption,accumulation and distribution.The field experiment for Favorita was carried out with straw mulching.On the basis of one-time application of slow release fertilizers,six(0,3000,6000,9000,12000,15000 kg·hm^-2)commercial organic fertilizers were applied.The effects of different dosages of commercial organic fertilizer on potato yield,quality and economic benefit,as well as on the absorption,accumulation and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium and silicon during the growth of potato were tested.The results will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the rational application of commercial organic fertilizer in winter potato production.The main results were summarized as follows:（1）The net income of potatoes of treatment OM3（9000 kg·hm^-22 of commercial organic fertilizer plus 1500 kg·hm²of controlled release fertilizer）was highest for 75318.75 yuan per hectare,and the comprehensive economic benefit of O3 was the highest.Compared with treatment of CF（without organic fertilizer）,the yield of O3 increased by 6553.05 kg per hectare（relative yield increased by 19.79%）and total nitrogen（or crude protein）content increased by 10.35%.The application of organic manure was greater than 9000 kg·hm^-2of OM1 and OM2.The yield of potato increased slightly,but the difference in the treatment of O3 was not significant,and the overall economic benefit was decreased.In terms of quality,there was no significant difference in dry matter rate,fresh potato Vc content and starch content between different treatments.To sum up,the treatment of OM3is a suitable fertilization schedule.（2）With the development of the growth period after seedling emergence,the change of the total nitrogen concentration of potato was as follows:the stems and leaves showed a downward trend,the potato tuber decreased first and then increased,and the concentration range of OM3 was 10.27¹8.57 g·kg^-1.The change of nitrogen accumulation was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,and tuber increased.The change of nitrogen distribution rate was as follows:stems and leaves decreased,but tubers increased.The distribution of nitrogen elements in the tuber was larger than that of the stem and leaf after 39 days of emergence.（3）With the development of the growth period after seedling emergence,the change of the total phosphorus concentration of potato was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,the potato tuber decreased first and then increased,and the concentration range of OM3 was 3.22⁵.88 g·kg^-1.The change of phosphorus accumulation was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,and tuber increased.The change of phosphorus distribution rate was as follows:stems and leaves decreased,but tubers increased.The distribution of phosphorus elements in the tuber was larger than that of the stem and leaf after 27 days of emergence.（4）With the development of the growth period after seedling emergence,the change of the total potassium concentration of potato was as follows:the stems and leaves showed different trend in different treatments and was overall decline,the potato tuberfirst decreased,then increased,and then decreased again,and the concentration range of OM3was 20.11³4.44 g·kg^-1.The change of potassium accumulation was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,andtuber increased.The change of potassium distribution rate was as follows:stems and leaves descend first and then tend to smooth,but tubers increased.The distribution of potassium elements in the tuber was larger than that of the stem and leaf after 27 days of emergence.（5）With the development of the growth period after seedling emergence,the change of the total magnesium concentration of potato was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,the potato tuber showed smooth tend,and the concentration range of OM3 was 0.45⁰.62 g·kg^-1.The change of magnesium accumulation was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,and tuber increased.The change of magnesium distribution rate was as follows:stems and leaves decreased,but tubers increased.（6）With the development of the growth period after seedling emergence,the change of the total silicon concentration of potato was as follows:the stems and leaves showed a downward trend,the potato tuber showed different trend in different treatments and was overall decline,and the concentration range of OM3 was 0.25⁰.93 g·kg^-1.The change of silicon accumulation was as follows:the stems and leaves first increased and then decreased,andtuber increased.The change of silicon distribution rate was as follows:stems and leaves descend first and then tend to smooth,but tubers increased.The distribution of silicon elements in the tuber was larger than that of the stem and leaf after 27days of emergence.