Study On Open-Pit Coal Mine Ecological Restoration And Planning In Xinxing Mining Area,Wuhai City,Inner Mongolia

This study is aimed at the resource-depleted city of Wuhai in the northwest arid desert area,where long-term high-intensity coal mining has caused land digging damage,occupation of pressure,vegetation destruction,increased desertification and other ecological security issues,as well as local land reclamation and ecological restoration engineering technology problems such as imperfect systems,poor engineering results,lack of science,and standardized engineering planning and design.Taking the Xinxing mining area as a research area,using ecology,land reclamation,and soil and water conservation theory,using UAV remote sensing,Arc GIS,and ground survey methods,On the basis of comprehensive investigation and analysis of ecological and environmental impact factors in the mining area,land damage,water shortage,vegetation damage,sand and dust pollution,reference to relevant national norms and standards,according to the basic principles and basis of ecological restoration governance planning zoning,from the perspective of ensuring the ecological safety of mining areas,We divided the research area into ecological restoration protection areaes,ecological restoration treatment zone and ecological restoration experiment demonstration area.The ecological restoration protection area is a native landform area with less human disturbance between mining areas,with an average altitude of 1150?1250m and a gentle slope with angle<15°and total of 201.08hm~2.Mainly adopt ban measures to reduce the disturbance of man-made and mining machinery and protect the original landform soil and vegetation.The ecological restoration treatment area is an area where the mining activities have a greater degree of interference to the environment.The average altitude is 1050?1150m,and the slope is basically 35°?55°steep slope and<5°plain and micro slope.The area includes mining areas,internal dumps,industrial sites,and transportation roads,which covers an area of 318.15 hm~2.Through the layout design of the topsoil stripping project in the mining area,road optimization,industrial site greening and other measures,reduce sand and dust pollution,improve vegetation coverage,and effectively improve the ecological environment of the mining area through the layout design of the topsoil stripping project in the mining area,road optimization,industrial site greening and other measures.The ecological restoration test demonstration area is the dumping area on the west side of the mining area,with concentrated plots,resource development and capital construction activities.The average altitude is 1250?1330m,and the steep slope is 15°?40°,covering an area of 85.03hm~2.The slope protection works of the dump site mainly include slope bottom retaining walls,slope interception and drainage measures;arched skeletons,ecological bags,ecological rods,vegetation blankets,plant grids and other slope vegetation restoration measures.We analyze its design basis,standards and principles and draw CAD drawings,including the status,zoning,measure layout and typical design drawings.solve the problems of bare spoil in the dump and unstable slope.By guiding the restoration and management of the ecological environment in the Xinxing mining area,thus the land resource utilization rate and the topsoil utilization rate were increased to 98.3%.It is expected that the new vegetation coverage area will be 49.78hm~2,which will improve the vegetation coverage rate;optimize road treatment area of 7832m;reduce slope soil and water loss,effectively improve the air quality environment of the mining area,improve the ecological environment safety and sustainable development level of the Xinxing mining area,and provide governance experience for the local open-pit coal mine ecological restoration and governance planning.