Ecotourism Risk Assessment In Yaoluoping Nature Reserve Based On GIS

Nature reserves are not only key areas for the protection of natural ecosystems,biodiversity and other aspects,but also areas with rich ecotourism resources.In recent years,nature reserves have experienced rapid development in ecotourism,corresponding to the rising risk of ecotourism in them.Therefore,ecotourism risk assessment has become one of the hotspots in ecotourism research in nature reserves.This article took the Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve in Anqing,Anhui Province as an example,based on the GF-2 satellite remote sensing image of the reserve in 2017 and using the World View-2 image in 2019 as a reference,combined with the DEM,functional zoning maps,administrative boundary vector maps,comprehensive scientific research reports,statistical annual reports and government plans,etc.provided by the management of the reserve,using ENVI 5.2 software to perform image fusion,orthorectification,atmospheric correction and mask trimming on remote sensing images to carry out land use supervision and classification,and utilized Fragstats 4.1 and Arc GIS 10.2 software to select and analyze eco-tourism risk evaluation indicators,combined with Delphi method,Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method,to build an eco-tourism risk evaluation indicator system and the evaluation model,calculated the ecotourism risk index,draw the distribution map of ecotourism risk in the reserve,analyzed the causes and weights of ecotourism risks,and proposed corresponding ecotourism development countermeasures for each risk area,in order to provide a basis to stabilize and promote ecological sustainable development of the nature reserves.These main conclusions are included:(1)Combining the research of ecological risk assessment theory and framework,this paper established an ecotourism risk assessment indicator system and risk rating assessment model that consists of 4 criteria of landscape ecology,topographic hydrology,land use and human activities,and includes 15 relevant factor indicators.Based on the GIS interpolation and spatial analysis functions,these indicators that affect ecotourism risk can be described,quantified,and visualized to form a data layer that can be superimposed,and then complete the calculation and grade analysis of ecotourism risk values in the reserve.(2)The landscape ecological high-risk areas in the reserve are mainly distributed along roads and construction zones.Vegetation coverage in the area exceeds 90%,vegetation protection is relatively complete,and other landscape patches except forest land are scattered.Except for roads,construction land and cultivated land areas,most of the landscape ecological risks in the reserve are low,and the average landscape ecological risk in the core zone is higher than that in the buffer and the experimental,especially in the the Diaoguanjing core zone,landscape ecological risk tends to be in a small peak area.The topographical hydrological risk of the reserve has a spatial distribution that gradually decreases from north to south.The risk of the range of rivers and roads above Diaoguanjing area is reduced compared to the surroudings due to the relief of some topographic factors.The topographical hydrological risk of overall Chuanshi district and the core zone of Diaoguanjing is relatively high,while the core zone of Duozhijian is at relatively low risk due to its high altitude and large watershed area.The land use risk of the whole reserve is low,and the risk values of the core zone and the buffer are both in the low or relatively low range.The sequence of risk values of human activities in the reserve is: core zone < buffer zone < experimental zone,in which the lowest risk appears in Duozhijian mountain district and the highest in the Shilihualang area.(3)The results of comprehensive ecotourism risk analysis in the reserve indicated that there are significant spatial differences in ecotourism risks.The areas with high ecotourism risks are mainly concentrated around rivers and roads while distributed in a strip.Generally speaking,the eco-tourism risk level of the northern part of the reserve is higher than that in the south.The ecotourism risks of nearly 90% of the region are at the middle and lower levels,and the overall level is good.However,except for low-risk areas,the area ratio of ecotourism risk areas at all levels in the core zone is higher than that of the buffer.