| China is in an important historical period of building a well-off society in all-round field and speeding up the construction of socialist modernization.With the continuous increasing of the economy and the living condition of people,the demand of life and production for water resources will also keep increasing.The serious situation of water resources in China is as follows:In northern China,there are more people in water shortage areas,and the distribution of water resources was not matched that of productivity,which lead to over exploitation of groundwater.In sourthern China,where there are plentiful water resources,distribution of water resources is uneven in time and space,which result to extreme climate conditions of sharp alternation from droughts to floods,Low water use efficiency is causing a finite amount of water waste.Therefore,China has issued the most stringent water resources management system from the policy,which requires the establishment of the limit of total water resources utilization,the control of water efficiency and the limitation of pollution in water function area called"three red lines".It clearly put forward the double control of water consumption and water efficiency aimed at solving problems in water resources development and utilization.It is of great significance to carry out the optimal allocation of water resources under the control of total water use and efficiency.Taking Fuzhou city of Jiangxi Province as the research area,this paper has carried out the research on comprehensive optimal allocation of water resources zoning under double control conditions.Through the analysis of the characteristics and change rules of water use in the study area,it is found that the quantity of total water resources in Fuzhou is abundant.The total amount of water resources in the flat water year can reach 19.645 billion m~3,which is about8 times large as Changchun,which has the same administrative area and 1.75 times large population as Fuzhou.But the quantity of water resource used per people or per ground use is large,the efficiency of water use could be a little lower and the overall water use structure is largely inclined to agricultural water use.According to the water use data in recent 10 years,the total water consumption of the city and the average per capita/ground water consumption have been rising slowly,the water use efficiency is also increasing,and the water use structure has been optimized in recent years.However,the overall water use efficiency is still lower than that of Jiangxi Province and China.And it still needs to be improved.According to the changes of the characteristics of water use for recent years,as a result of double control index of total water consumption and efficiency carried in 2011,the total water consumption and per capita water consumption in the city have changed from a rapid increase to a slow downward trend.The amount of total water use decreased from 2.66 billion m3in 2011 to 2.35 billion m3in 2015 in Fuzhou.And it is only 2.54billion m3in the representative dry year 2013.Per capita water consumption and total water consumption have been increasing or decreasing at the same time and degree.Water efficiency is also increasing.GDP water efficiency increased slowly from 2006 to 2011with an average annual growth rate of 8%.But from 2011 to 2015,the average growth rate was 17%and doubles the former data.The water use structure has been improved in recent years in Fuzhou,and the proportion of agricultural water has decreased from 85%in 2008to 79%in 2015.However,the overall water use efficiency is still lower than that of Jiangxi and the state.Based on the"double control index"of total water consumption and water efficiency,the comprehensive optimal allocation model of multi-partition water resources is set up in consideration of water safety and fairness control index.The concept of water allocation Gene coefficient is put forward to describe the comprehensive fairness of water use in partitions.The comprehensive satisfaction degree and the water income brought by allocation scheme for each water user and regionalization can be described by the concept of comprehensive water effect.Then the boundary conditions of the optimal allocation model in Fuzhou are determined by water supply and water demand analysis based on water use data in past 10 years in Fuzhou.And the improved non dominated genetic algorithm NSGA-II is used to solve the double variables optimization of agricultural and industrial water use.The results are compared with the that of the optimal allocation scheme with agricultural water use variables and industrial water use satisfied,as well as the results of allocation schemes with average both agricultural water use and industrial water use and average agricultural water use with industrial's satisfied.The results show that the comprehensive water use effects of the optimized allocation is higher than the average allocation.The Gene coefficient of water allocation in the dual variable allocation scheme is higher than that in industrial water use satisfied scheme.This paper also selects the evaluation index of water resources allocation scheme and determines the weight of them by Analytic Hierarchy Process,and establishes a single layer fuzzy evaluation model of water resource allocation evaluation,and evaluates the four schemes of optimal allocation and average allocation in Fuzhou.The evaluation results show that in the four configuration schemes,the single water user configuration with industrial satisfied shows a better sustainable development ability than the dual user configuration,while the dual user allocation can show the fairness of the configuration more.Moreover,the optimal allocation schemes are better than the average allocation ones in the comprehensive evaluation. |
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