Apophenia

Narrative is one of the cognitive activities of human expression.It is often in theform of language based on words or sounds.It also extends under various forms,media and technical conditions.Narrative of Artificial Intelligence is developingwith an uncertain future.AI is an algorithm or machine that mimics humancognitive function and structure,and its exploration also includes NaturalLanguage Processing that attempts to communicate between people andmachines.After a long period of development,AI not only possesses the basiclinguistic competence,but also is gradually applied to narrative practice.However,the human language is a very complex system under the influence ofmany factors.Although the language skills of AI have been leaping forward underthe development of deep learning,the current algorithms,models,computingpower and hardware are not enough for fully mastering and understandinghuman language and its usage.Thus there are a variety of mistakes in narrativepractice,which is considered to be Apophenia.Apophenia,working translated as correlation disorder,originates in psychologyreferring to perceiving meaning from seemingly unrelated things and is closelyrelated to pattern recognition.It exists widely in human cognitive process and isrelated to paranoid.In the field of machine learning,the Apophenia phenomenonalso exists at all levels,especially in deep neural network media usingunsupervised learning.In fact,Apophenia is also used as a term to refer to errorsthat occur in neural media.However,these mistakes or defects have been exploited in artistic creation,forming special effects and artistic language.This paper will explore exactly howthis "error" has been applied to artistc creation and what effect and meaning itmay have.This paper will start with the cognitive psychology that belongs to thesame class with AI,and take narrative works based on natural language asexample to summarize,analyze and interpret the application of correlationdisorder in AI narrative.At the same time,it will be compared from the similarities of forms with three literary genres in history,such as stream ofconsciousness,surrealism and nonsense literature,and from the similarities oftypes compared with art using error,like Glitch Art.Thus to discuss the potentialcreativity Apophenia may bring and what "error" may take,as well as theagenticity and data delusion in the age of AI and big data.Several typical caseswill be talked and studied,including Lynn Hershmann' Agent Ruby,the AI movieSunspring,Sascha Pohflepp's Recursion,and Rejane Cantoni&LeonardoCrescenti's Speak,covering three main types of NLP:conversation,generating,and translation.