| The plague is natural focal and infectious disease,after the 1990 s,the ever-increasing source counties were found in China and the animal plague showed a trend of rise.It is found 12 definite plague natural foci in China until 2016,in which the Himalayan marmot foci is the highest risk.Objective:To describe human and animal plague prevalence distribution characteristics in Himalayan marmot foci from 2007 to 2016,explore the correlation of the various influencing factors of animal plague so as to provide theoretical basis for plague prevention and control.Methods:The plague cases and host animals in Himalayan marmot plague foci from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed,the Himalayan marmot foci distributes in Qinghai,Gansu,Tibet Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Autonomous Region.Plague monitoring data acquisition methods includes data downloaded from management information system of plague prevention and control and Chinese Journal of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention.Indexes includes human and animal plague data,animal hosts and intermedium animals monitoring and laboratory detection were included in animal plague data.The plague outbreak was determined according to the test results of plague bacteria laboratory.The study methods included Analytical and statistical analysis.Epidemiology distribution was employed to describe the distribution rule of human and animal plague in the foci.Statistical analysis method was correlations and linear regression analysis.Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between plague outbreak and monitoring data.Microsoft EXCEL 2003 was used to data sorting,SPSS18.0 statistical software for data analysis.Results:(a.)Human plague epidemic distributed in Gansu province,Tibet autonomous region,Sichuan province and Subei,Yumen,Akesu,Lang,Litang,Qilian and Xinghai counties of Qinghai province,a total of 11 human plague outbreaks with 23 cases and 12 cases died;male-female ratio is 10.5:1;young adults aged from 31 to 45 were major group(60.87%);herdsman was the major profession group(65.22%);infection source mainly from pneumonic plague patients(52.17%);primary pneumonic plague was the main type(65.22%).(b.)Animal plague monitoring of Himalayan marmot foci:A total of 1651477.09 hm2 with124129 marmot and average density of 0.08 / hm2 were investigated and captured under the route method,otters on average density of 0.08 / hm2 only;For small rats,486 668 mousetraps were placed and 11 286 rats were captured with capture rate of 2.32%,averaged flea infection rate of 39.51%,fleas index of 1.78;cave flea rate of 3.87%,fleas index was 0.09;Animal bacteriology test positive rate was 1.44%,the medium of bacteriology inspection rate was 0.52%.Serological test positive rate was 0.75%.(c.)Animal plague epidemics of Himalayan marmot foci:Animal plague outbreaks are mainly distributed in 72 counties of Gansu province,Qinghai province,Tibet autonomous region,Sichuan province and Xinjiang autonomous region.Animal bacteriological positive materials were mainly distributed in Gansu province(41.45%)and Tibet autonomous region(43.54%);Media bacteriological positive materials distributed in Gansu province(93.33%)and Xinjiang autonomous region(6.67%);Serological positive materials were mainly distributed in Gansu province(48.51%),the Tibet autonomous region(30.60%)and Qinghai province(10.55%).(d.)Correlation analysis results:linear correlation of animal bacteria positive rate,mouse density,flea infection rate,flea index,cave flea infection rate and cave flea index,P>0.05.Linear correlation of seropositive positive rate,mouse density,flea infection rate,flea index,cave flea infection rate and cave flea index,P>0.05.Conclusion:Human epidemic situation of Himalayan marmot foci presents showed sporadic or outbreak in local area.Animal outbreaks occurred every year,foci were in active period.No positive correlation property between epidemic situation and monitoring data was found. |
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