| [Background]Non-communicable chronic diseases(NCDs),hereafter referred as "Chronic Disease",are the generic terms of cardio-cerebrovascular disease,tumor,diabetes,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic dental caries,periodontal disease,osteoporosis,mental disease,chronic kidney disease,chronic joint diseases,benign prostatic hypertrophy and congenital anomalies.Chronic diseases were closely related with improper habits such as smoking,excessive drinking,unreasonable diet,lack of physical activity,etc.The main characteristics of NCDs included long duration,etiology,complicated and protracted,self-healing and little cure,serious health damage and social economic burden.With the development of our social economy,the living standard and life quality of the residents have significantly improved and people's life style and behavior have changed also.Population structure,disease and death spectrum also changed correspondingly.The growth of NCDs was accelerated and chronic diseases onset age have advanced.Most NCDs are lifelong illnesses,accompanied by severe complications and disability.The treatment will cost a lot of health resources.If this trend cannot be controlled effectively,it will bring enormous impact on individuals,families and society.A number of studies have confirmed that the occurrence of NCDs was closely related to bad behavior and way of life.Its risk factors included smoking,excessive drinking,unreasonable diet,lack of physical activity and mental factors,etc.Although the NCDs have done widely harm to our health and society that often brought sever results and big economic loss,it still can be prevented by eliminating the common risk factors.[Objectives]1.Using cross-sectional survey,to find out the epidemic characteristics of major chronic diseases and their risk factors such as hypertension,diabetes,comparing the data with 2007,getting the picture of tendency of different surveys changes of Licang District,Qingdao.2.Using both univariate and multivariate statistical techniques,to analyze the risk factors of hypertension and diabetes in adult population and their tendency of change.3.To formulate relevant recommendations for the formulation of interventions for chronic diseases and their risk factor according to the survey results.[Methods]Data from the national chronic disease and risk factors surveillance surveys in 2007 and 2013,respectively.The contents included personal information,the prevalence of behavioral risk factors such as smoking,excessive drinking,unreasonable diet,lack of physical activity,the prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension,diabetes.Using both univariate and multivariate statistical techniques,descriptive analysis was used for monitoring data of 2013 and comparing with the data of 2007.Using excel 2007 and SPSS 18.0 for statistical analysis.The counting data is represented by frequency,Chi-square test was used in comparisons of rates and trend analyses,logistic regression model was used for multifactor analysis,t-test was used in measurement data,statistically significant difference(P<0.05).[Results]A total of 599 people aged 18 to 69 who had complete information on the 2013 survey were engaged,299 men accounted for 49.9%.Women were 300,accounting for 50.1%.Main results are as follows:1.The smoking rate of the resident aged 18-69 was 19.8%.Male smoking rate(40.4%)was significantly higher than women(0%).Men aged 40-49 had the highest smoking rate(54.7%),men aged 30-39 had the lowest rate(30.4%).Compare the data of 2013 and 2017,the smoking rate decreased year by year,which is 23.8%,19.8%.2.The drinking rate was 19.5%,male and female residents were 31.7%and 7.2%respectively.According to the data 2007and 2013,the rate of drinking decreased year by year.3.Fruit and vegetable insufficiency of intake was 56.0%,down by 0.8 percentage points from 2007(56.8%).The consumption of excessive intake of red meat dropped from 56.8%to 56.0%compared with 2007.4.Residents' regular exercise rate was 44.0%,up 19.6 percentage points from 2007(24.4%).Men's regular exercise rate rose from 23.8%of 2007 to 50.2%of 2013,and women's increased from 24.9%of 2007 to 37.8%of 2013.5.The daily static time of residents aged 18-69 decreased from 10.4 hours per day to 5.0 hours compared with 2007.The daily static time of men decreased from 10.3 hours to 5.0 hours,while the daily static time of women decreased from 10.4 hours to 5.1 hours6.The overweight rate of residents aged 18-69 were 36.1%,which was 1.1%higher than 2007(37.2%).The obesity rate fell from 19.7%to 9.4%compared with 2007.7.The prevalence of hypertension was 25.9%,fell 3.2 percent compare with 2007(29.1%).The prevalence of hypertension increased with age.The prevalence of hypertension in men rose from 30.7%to 31.5%,and fell from 27.6%to 20.3%in women.8.The prevalence of diabetes was 10.1%,residents aged 60-69 had the highest prevalence rate(53.8%),and residents aged 18-39 had the lowest(1.4%).The prevalence of diabetes increased with age.9.Smoking,drinking,unreasonable diet and lack of physical activity have different effects on chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.[Conclusion]The distributions of smoking,drinking,diet and exercise varied among people of different ages and sexes.There is insufficient awareness of the risk factors of NCDs,especially for young people.Governments at all levels should continue to promote and intervene in the healthy lifestyle of residents,advocate a healthy lifestyle and reduce the incidence of NCDs.Besides,governments should increase investment in health,to further improve the monitoring of chronic disease and its risk factors,in order to provide support for disease control and prevention strategies. |
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