The Expression Of Serum IL-9 In Patients With Multiple Myeloma And Its Potential Clinical Significance

Background:Multiple myeloma(MM)is one of the most common types of hematological maligancies,characterized with uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of malignantmonoclonal plasma cells.Despite the use of new therapies such as high-dose chemotherapy,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and novel proteasome inhibitors have improved the overall survival,MM is still remain uncurable.Like normal plasma cells,MM cells proliferate depending on their interactions with bone marrow stromal cells for the survival and production of essential cytokines.Different cytokines such as IL-6,ILl-b,TNF-a and IL-17,IL-21,transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),released from myeloma cells as well as stromal cells in the BM microenvironment are known to promote MM cell growth and myeloma associated bone disease.Interleukin-9(IL-9)acts as a growth factor,produced chiefly by helper T cells,mediated by a specific receptor chain IL-2Ryc for signal transduction with the common gamma chain that also plays a role in IL-2,4,7,15 and 21 signaling.In addition to the activities in immune and lung inflammation,a series of researches suggest this cytokine contributes to oncogenesis.Overexpression of IL-9 can be detected in the lymph glands and serum of patients in T Cell Lymphomas,B Cell Lymphomas,Hodgkin disease,Myeloid malignancies and chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL).To date,there is no published data about serum levels of IL-9 in patients with multiple myeloma.The present study is purposed to detect the expression of IL-9 in MM patients and to illuminate its role in the pathogenesis of MM.Objective:Although the treatment on MM has made great progress,molecular mechanism is not clear which restricts its further development.Recently,overexpression of IL-9 and its receptorhas been found in some hematological diseases.But so far,the potential roles of IL-9 in the MM pathogenesis have not been revealed.The purpose of this study was to detect the level of serum IL-9 in the patients with MM and to explore the correlation between the IL-9 concentration in serum and the clinical features of these patients,which may improve our understanding the roles of IL-9 in the pathogenesis of MM.Materials and Methods:1.Specimen collection2.Peripheral blood serum isolation3.ELISA analysis4.Statistical analysisResults and conclusions:1.Serum IL-9 concentration in MM patients was significantly higher than that in controls(p<0.0001).2.Serum IL-9 concentration in MM patients was negatively associated with their hemoglobin concentration(r=-0.5850,p=0.0108).3.Serum IL-9 concentration in MM patients with renal dysfunction was significantly higher than that in MM patients with normal renal function(p=0.0395).4.Our findings suggest that IL-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM,especially in the subgroups of MM patients with renal failure and anemia.