| Objective: According to the surveys on the status of occupational health of dust and noise exposed workers from six coal chemical enterprises in Xinjiang,the effects of workers' protection cognition,protection behavior,and protection satisfaction to workers' pneumoconiosis and hearing are discussed in this paper,which can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control management of pneumoconiosis and NID.Methods:1.In this study,692 workers exposed to dust and noise as the research object by cluster sampling,according to the technical specification for the occupational health surveillance(GBZ188-2014),and measures for the administration of occupational health examination to conduct occupational health examination.2.Workers' protection cognition,protection behavior and protection satisfaction were analyzed and evaluated according to the protection equipment questionnaire.Results: 1.The minimum age of workers is 18,and the maximum age of workers is 67,average age is(38.8 ± 9.94);The minimum working age of workers is 1,and the maximum working age of workers is 45,average working age is(15.9±11.37);Workers are mostly male,Han nationality;The education level is not high,and monthly income is 3000~5000yuan.3.The stage two pneumoconiosis and stage three pneumoconiosis were not detected in High KV X – ray examination,30 cases of stage one pneumoconiosis were detected,pneumoconiosis prevalence rate was 4.3%;The NID was not detected in audiometery,hearing abnormal rate was 39.6%;Lung dysfunction rate was 7.1%;Electrocardiogram(ECG)abnormal rate was 24.1%;Blood pressure(High)abnormal rate was 13.4%;Liver function abnormal rate was 9.0%;B-mode ultrasound abnormal rate was 25.3%.4.Pneumoconiosis prevalence differs between different age groups;pneumoconiosis prevalence of workers over 40 years old was more than workers under the age 40(P<0.001);Pneumoconiosis prevalence rate of different types of jobs are different(P<0.05),the prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis was higher in the back office,administrative department and maintenance workers;Pneumoconiosis prevalence was also different between different seniority groups(P<0.001),pneumoconiosis prevalence rate between 20 to 39 years length of service workers was greater than workers whose length of service was under 20 years(P<0.05);Pneumoconiosis prevalence rate of workers' whose smoking index were greater than 400 was greater than those whose smoking index were below 400(P<0.05).5.Pneumoconiosis patients' electrocardiogram than non-pneumoconiosis workers(P<0.05),the detection rate of ST segment change was greater than that of heart abnormality;Blood pressure(P<0.001)and hepatic function(P<0.05)abnormal rate were greater than the non-pneumoconiosis workers.5.Men's hearing abnormal rate were greater than women's(P<0.05);Han ethnic people's hearing abnormal rate were greater than minority ethnic people(P<0.05);Hearing abnormal rate differs between different age groups,hearing abnormal rate of workers' whose age were between 40 to 49 was greater than those whose age were between 20 to 39 years old(P<0.001);Workers' hearing abnormal rate differs between different education levels,both high school(technical secondary school)and university(college)groups' hearing abnormal rate were greater than the middle school group(P<0.05);Hearing abnormal rate of different types of jobs are different(P<0.05),boiler operation workers' hearing abnormal rate is greater than the steam turbine operators and maintenance workers;Abnormal rate was also different between different seniority groups,hearing abnormal rate of workers whose between 20 to 39 years old was greater than those whose seniority were less than 20 years(P<0.001);Hearing abnormal rate was also different due to different income levels,workers whose income were 3000+yuan per month had greater hearing abnormal rate than workers whose income were less than 3000 yuan per month(P<0.001);Hearing abnormal rate differs from different history of ear disease,hearing abnormal rate of workers who had history of earache,tinnitus,tympanitis and ear infection were greater than the those who had no history of ear disease(P<0.001);6.Hearing abnormal workers' blood pressure abnormal rate were greater than the normal hearing workers(P<0.05);7.Dustproof masks equipped ratio was 92.34%,the different types of jobs had different equipped ratio(P<0.001);Noiseproof earplugs equipped ratio was 95.67%,the different types of jobs equipped ratio differs(P<0.05);According to the logistic regression analysis of dust mask worn frequency influential factors,the awareness of the time limit of dust mask is low so was the dust protection awareness,and low frequency of the issued PPE were thought to be risk factors;In the influential factors of noiseproof earplugs wearing frequency logistic regression analysis,poor awareness of earplugs worn necessity,poor earplugs size fits,poor earplugs comfort and poor earplugs adaptability,no regular cleaning and maintenance earplugs were the risk factors.8.The degree of awareness,attitude and satisfaction of protective had no effect on the prevalence of pneumoconiosis(P>0.05);Hearing abnormal rate of workers who have poor awareness of the noise value of the position are greater than the workers with good awareness(P<0.05);Hearing abnormal rate differs between different awareness(P<0.001),the lower the awareness of earplugs worn necessity,the higher the rate of abnormal hearing;Workers with different supervision situation have different hearing abnormality rate(P<0.05),the workers who have no professional occupational health supervisors are greater than the workers who have professional occupational health supervisors.9.According to the logistic regression analysis of pneumoconiosis influential factors,long seniority was the risk factor;According to the logistic regression analysis to hearing influencing factors,female,ethnic minority,monthly income,with no history of ear disease are protection factors,low education level,long seniority,poor awareness of earplugs worn necessity,lack of professional health personnel supervisors were the risk factor.Conclusion: 1.Workers older than 40 years of age and length of service more than 20 years have higher risk of pneumoconiosis;The prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis was higher in the back office,administrative department and maintenance workers;Smoking can promote the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis;Pneumoconiosis can significantly affect the cardiovascular system and liver function,which leads to abnormal electrocardiogram,higher blood pressure,liver meritorious abnormality.2.The workers of Xinjiang coal chemical industry have high hearing abnormal rate;The hearing abnormal rate of workers was higher in the back office,administrative department and boiler operation;Workers with higher education,lower income and ear disease had a higher risk of abnormal hearing;Hearing abnormal workers have high risk for hypertension,noise is a risk factors of hypertension;3.The results showed that the PPE equipped ratio of coal chemical enterprises in Urumqi was high,but the frequency of PPE wear was irregular,and the correct rate of wear was low;The higher the level of occupational health knowledge and cognition is,the better demand for self-protection and consciousness are,the better protection methods taken by workers,the higher the frequency of wearing protective equipment is,the less the risk of hearing abnormal is;The better,the more comfortable protection equipment and the higher satisfaction of the protection allocation frequency is,the more likely the workers will wear protective equipment more self-consciously,the lower risk of hearing abnormal possibilities will be;Enterprise health education trainings and occupational health examinations work have got remarkable results,along with a relatively comprehensive supervision system,but the frequency of supervision remains considerably poor,this is also why PPE's utility compliance is still low,this situation should be taken into consideration seriously. |
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