Prenatal And Perinatal Exposure To Ambient PM_2.5 Of Fuzhou On The Renal Development And Long-term Function

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to ambient PM_2.5 in Fuzhou, China on renal development and function.MethodsPM_2.5 was collected in glass fiber filters（Whatman） with a high-volume sampler（Thermo Scientific）. Subcomponents of PM_2.5 were extracted in distilled water via agitation by ultrasonication water bath. We filtered the suspension and dryed the colature by vacuum freezing drying.SD rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups, anesthetized, intubated, and submitted to the instillation of 30 μl of the following PM_2.5 suspension at different concentrations: 0.55 μg/μl, 1.10 μg/μl and 3.68 μg/μl. The animals were sacrificed and the blood, urine and kidney samples were collected for morphological and kidney-to-body weight ratio analysis.The kidneys were histopathologically examined（hematoxylin and eosin staining,masson’s trichrome staining, transmission electron microscopy and Tunel examination）; The expression of GDNF, Ret, Wnt4, β-Catenin m RNA in the kidney tissue of fetal rats, postnatal 7d and 21 d rats, and the expression of α-SMA, TGF-β of postnatal 21 d and 8w rats were assayed by Real time PCR.Results1 Prenatal exposure to ambient PM_2.5 in Fuzhou, China by tracheal instillation had no significant adverse effects on renal development.2 Renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis and renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in 1.10 μg/μl PM group and 3.68 μg/μlPM group in the postnatal 21 d and 8w rats.3 There was no significant effects on renal function. No significant change of endogenous creatinine clearance rate or significant increase in blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine was observed in PM groups,but urine total protein in male postnatal8 w offspring was significant increase in 1.10 μg/μl PM and 3.68 μg/μl PM group.4 Ret,Wnt4,β-Catenin m RNA were re-expression in postnatal 21 d in 1.10μg/μl PM and 3.68μg/μl PM group.5 α-SMA,TGF-β m RNA significantly increased at both PM_2.5 doses（ p < 0.05） in postnatal 21 d and 8w rat.ConclusionsPrenatal exposure of environment fine particles in the city of Fuzhou, China promotes renal histological alterations, resulting in renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis and renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in1.10 μg/μl PM and 3.68 μg/μl PM groups. However, there was no significant effect on renal function. Ret, Wnt4 and β-Catenin m RNA were re-expressied in postnatal21 d, which may be a key factor in the offspring renal injury caused by PM_2.5exposure.