Analysis On The Characteristics Of Female Breast Cancer And The Correlation Between Breast Cancer,Physical Activity And Soil Geochemical Elements In Jiangsu Province

ObjectiveBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women all over the world and seriously threat to the global women’s health. Although being one of the developed areas in China, Jiangsu is a province with high incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, the prevalence state of female breast cancer in Jiangsu Province need further research. The incidence, mortality and the survival rate were analyzed; furthermore, the mortality of female breast cancer and the geochemical elements in soil were described by geographic information system, analyze the correlations between them; in addition, case-control study was employed to research the relationship between physical activity and the risk of female breast cancer. This study may further improve the understanding of epidemiological characteristics and provide more scientific basis for the prevention and control of female breast cancer in the province and China as well.Methods1. In this present study, data from Jiangsu Province Cancer Registry between 2003 to 2011 were collected to analyze the incidence and mortality; patients who were diagnosed as breast cancer between January 1,2003 and December 31,2005 were recruited and followed up for at least 5 years for survival analysis.2. Content of Fluorine, arsenic, iodine, calcium, strontium, selenium, germanium, lead, mercury, copper, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, chromium in soil were from the survey result of land ecological geochemistry in 2005. The registry data of deaths in 1970s were collected and rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the mortality of breast cancer and geochemical elements. The electronic map (1:1,000,000) of Jiangsu Province in 2013 was provided by Chinese National Geomatic Center. ArcGIS 10.2 software was adopted to describe the distribution of mortality of female breast cancer and geochemical elements.3. The physical activity data were collected by face to face questionnaire through a case-control study. Logistic regression was used to detect the impact of physical activity on breast cancer.Results1. From 2003 to 2011, there were 17,605 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 4,883 women died for breast cancer in Jiangsu Province. The crude incidence rate was 25.18/100,000 with the ASR and the ASW of 19.03/100,000 and 19.43/100,000 respectively. The crude mortality rate was 6.98/100,000 with the ASR and ASW of 4.93/100,000 and 5.29/100,000 respectively. Age-specific incidence and mortality rates have two peaks at 55-59 years and 85+years. The incidence and mortality increased with APCs of 11.37% and 5.78%, respectively. The 5-year OS and RS was 45.9% and 52.0% respectively, in the province, survival rates were low in the North of Jiangsu Province and high in the South.2. This study found that in surface soil, there were positive correlations between the mortality of female breast cancer and cadmium, mercury, lead, copper, zinc, selenium and germanium; negative correlation was found between the mortality and arsenic. In deep soil, there was positive correlation between the mortality and mercury; negative correlation between the mortality and arsenic. The mortality of female breast cancer in Southern Jiangsu was apparently higher than Northern and the distribution of geochemical elements were consistent with it.3. Moderate intensity physical activity in work decreased the risk of female breast cancer especially among post-menopausal women. A protective effect was found in post-menopausal women with moderate physical activity (56-167 Metabolic Equivalent Tasks, MET-h/week). Total physical activity level was associated with risk of breast cancer significantly. Compared with reference group (<28 MET-h/week), women with 56-111 MET-h/week of physical activity had lower breast cancer risk. There were no association between sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer.ConclusionBreast cancer has become a significant public health problem in Jiangsu and China. To reduce the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer, further research are needed to detect the risk factors about breast cancer. Besides, more resources should be invested in screening, earlier diagnosis and better health services in order to increase the survival rate among Chinese women.