| Coronary heart disease is a serious threat to flight safety. It can lead to pilot’s air operation ability reduced or a sudden inflight incapacitation. It is a major reason for the pilots’ medical grounding in the diseases of cardiovascular system. Thus, It will be a issue to make efforts to solve in Aerospace Medicine on how to screen the people with high risk of coronary heart disease early and takeing early intervention against to risk factors. Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) has become a new predictor of cardiovascular disease and become prevalence, excepted for traditional risk factors. Previously, GGT is regarded as a biomarker of hepatobiliary disease and alcohol consumption or abuse. However, it has been recently in overseas studies demonstrated that GGT plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and is an independent predictor of risk factor of cornary heart disease. But, up to now, there is a few internal research against GGT and cardiovascular disease, especially in the pilots, there have not been reported. This study was involved pilots in the medical examinations for the pilot transition and pilots suspected of CHD who had coronary angiography examination to investigate the correlation between serum level of GGT and Coronary Heart Disease(CHD), and risk factor of CHD in the military pilots.Totally 138 male pilots in Airforce General Hospital who were being examined for the pilot transition from March 2015 to December 2015 were involved. Age, time of flight, flight models, smoking and drinking history, family history, history of hypertension and diabetes were investigated and recorded in detail; blood pressure, height, weight, body mass index(BMI) were measured by professionals; and blood were conducted in the next morning after 12 hours of fasting, and fasting blood glucose(FPG), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), uric acid(UA), γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT), liver function and kidney function were monitored. Analysis the distribution and prevalence of risk factors of CHD among examined for the pilot transition; all pilots were divided into two groups according to the flying time: <1000h and ≥1000h, and compared the age, BMI, blood pressure, blood lipid and GGT between the two groups; all pilots were divided into four groups depending on the levels of GGT: GGT<13U·L-1, 13U·L-1≤GGT<16U·L-1, 16U·L-1≤GGT<25U·L-1, GGT≥25 U·L-1, and compared the age, BMI, blood pressure, blood lipid and GGT among the four groups; analysis the correlation between GGT and the risk factors of CHD.Furthermore, totally 60 male military pilots and 120 male general person hospitaled in Airforce General Hospital who suspected of CHD were involved from March 2005 to May 2015, and all of the 60 pilots and 120 general person had coronary angiography examination(CAG). Age, smoking history, drinking history, family history, history of hypertension and diabetes were recorded; the indicators of FPG, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, GGT, UA, liver and kidney function were assayed. According to the results of CAG, polits were divided into CHD group(group A) and control group(group B) and general person were divided into CHD group(group C) and control group(group D), moreover, the pilots of CHD group(group A) were divided into low score group(Gensini score≤20) and high score group(Gensini score>20) according to the Gensini score. Compared the levels of GGT between group A and group C, group B and group D, group A and group B, group C and group D; and compared the levels of GGT between group a1 and group a2; analysis the correlation between levels of GGT with CHD in the pilots.The study found: 1. The result of prevalence in pilots examinations for transition as followed: the rate of smoking was 29.7%; the percentage of family history was 6.5%; the rate of overweight was 41.3%, the rate of obesity was 3.6%; the rate of hypertension was 0.01%; and there was no diabetes; the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia was 13.8%, the incidence of hypercholesterolemia was 8.7%, the incidence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 18.84%; the incidence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 6.5%; hyperuricemia incidence was 26.1%. 2. The pilots were divided into two groups accroding to flying time, and there were significantly increased with the levels of GGT in flight time ≥1000 h group than that of duration <1000h group(1.38±0.29 vs 1.21±0.18)(P<0.05); what’s more, there were significantly increased for age, BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C in flight time ≥1000h group than that of duration <1000h group(P<0.01). 3. The pilots were divided into four groups accroding to quartile of GGT, and there were significant difference with age, flying time, BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, UA among the four groups(P<0.05). 4. Correlation analysis showed that in pilots examinations for transition, there was correlation between the levels of GGT and age, BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, UA(P<0.05). There was still correlation between the levels of GGT and BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, UA after adjustment for age and time of flight(P<0.05). 5. There were significantly increased with the level of GGT in group A than that of in group B(1.42±0.24 vs 1.28±0.16), and significantly increased with the level of GGT in group C than that of in group D(1.42±0.24 vs 1.28±0.16)(P <0.05); and there were no significant difference with the level of GGT between group A and group C, group B and group D(P> 0.05). 6. There were significantly increase with the level of GGT in group of a2 and group of a1 than that of control group(1.50±0.32 vs 1.28±0.16; 1.44±0.22 vs 1.28±0.16; P<0.05), and there was no significant difference with the level of GTT between a2 group and a1 group(P>0.05). 7. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum GGT was an independent risk factor of CHD in the military pilots(OR=1.173,95%CI:1.040-1.323).The levels of GGT in pilots is correlated with BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, UA, and GGT is one of the risk factors of CHD. GGT is associated with CHD in pilots and is an independent risk factor of CHD in the pilots. |
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