| Gansu Province is located in the arid and semi-arid rainfed agriculture area,drought and little rainfall,less effective rainfall,and strong evaporation.The effective precipitation was mostly distributed from July to September every year,and it was seriously misaligned with the wheat growth and water requirement period,and the difference was large,resulting in low and unstable wheat production.Coverage cultivation was the main measure of wheat production in the region.In response to the current situationin the application of winter wheat-summer corn planting in northwestern dryland rainfed and the current application of straw returning technology in mountainous and hilly areas,the team has studied and developed the cultivation techniques of wheat covered with strips of wheat.After years of experimentation,this team has proved the technology,there was a clear increase in production and stability of wheat production.In this study,uncovered open land was used as a control,and three different cover materials(straw,plastic film)and different straw strips(4 lines and 5 lines)were set up for coverage.The effects of different coverage materials and population distributions on the soil temperature and moisture environment of wheat were studied.Under the premise of the same planting density per unit area,the full film coverage(PF)and the open field control(CK)were uniformly sowed,with a sowing volume of 0.35 kg at 100 m,4 lines of straw bands(MS4)and 5 lines of straw bands(MS5)is local dense planting,the 100 m line sowing volume was 0.62 kg and 0.50 kg,respectively.All the treatments level and field management were the same for each treatment.The main findings were as follows:1.Cover cultivation can significantly increase wheat yield,increase effect straw cover>full film coverage,the most significant increase in production was MS5,a significant increase of 35.4% over CK.The spikes number per unit area was significantly correlated with yield(R=0.753**),which was the main factor causing the difference in yield.2.Straw strip coverage has a more common role in increasing soil storage,while the full film coverage has a general effect of reducing soil water storage,but both in the specific period and in the soil layer,both of them show the dual effects of increasing and reducing soil storage at different levels.The average ratio of straw increase in straw strip coverage was 59.7%,PF was 40.3%,and the average water storage in the whole growth period of PF was 1.6% lower than that in CK,and the straw strip coverage in straw was 2.1% higher than that in CK.During the birth treatment period,the difference between the treatments was greater in the returning green period and the booting period,and the soil layer was larger in 40-90 cm,the maximum range difference between treatments was between 0-20 cm soil layer straw strip coverage(MS4 and MS5)and CK15.7 mm.3.Coverage has a greater impact on wheat water consumption structure.Coverage significantly improves the water consumption module coefficient during the sowing and jointing stages,and straw was larger than plastic film,the largest increase was MS4,10.7 percentage points higher than CK.Coverage increased and decreased water consumption module coefficients of 0-40 cm and 120-200 cm soil layers respectively.The increase and decrease were all Straw> Plastic film,and all were MS5 with the most significant,which were 40.5 and 43.2 percentage points respectively.4.The straw strip coverage has a more general cooling effect,while the full film coverage has a general warming effect,but in different periods and soil layers,both showed a double effect of warming and cooling,the average decrease temperature point ratio of straw strip coverage was 93.3%,PF warming point ratio was 91.1%.In the whole growth period,the temperature straw strip coverage averaged 1.1°C lower than CK,and the MS5 had a larger decrease(1.4°C),while the PF was 1.0°C warmer.Differences between treatments in each period were greater in wintering and booting stages,and the soil layers were larger in 5 cm;the maximum difference between treatments occurred in the 5 cm soil layer at the booting stage,and the PF soil temperature was significantly higher than MS5 6.0°C.5.Changes in soil moisture mainly affect the number of wheat populations,which in turn affect yield.Increased soil temperature during returning to jointing stage helps to increase total stem number,but at the same time it will increase redundant growth and intensify the consumption of water and fertilizers,which will reduce the ability of photosynthetic production in late wheat and reduce the effective panicles.There was a significant positive and negative correlation between the soil temperature at the revival stage to the jointing stage,the total number of stems at the jointing stage and the panicle number per unit area.Pre-birth period and upper soil moisture have a more prominent effect on the establishment of wheat population.Increasing the soil water storage at the seeding period and the 0-60 cm soil layer water storage was beneficial to the emergence of wheat,suitable soil moisture conditions in the returning revival period were conducive to the tillering to the ear.Soil moisture and temperature affect each other,but the interaction between the two has a certain lag.Straw strip coverage has a significant effect of reducing soil temperature and increasing soil water storage,there was still a sufficient supply of water in the later stages of wheat growth,this was conducive to delaying the aging of wheat functional leaves,to increase group production.In both straw cover methods,MS5 not only has a higher output than MS4,and the population distribution is relatively dispersed,this will helps reduce the negative impact of overcrowding and poor competition among MS4 individuals,farming operations such as covering straw and sowing were simpler and easier than MS4.Comprehensive technical effects,The straw strip cover 5 lines of planting was a more reasonable and efficient straw cover planting pattern. |
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