| Biodegradable mulching and straw banding mulching have significant effect on increasing yield and increasing income,which is of great significance to promote sustainable development of agriculture and resource utilization of crop straw.In this paper,in the northwest loess plateau dry rain-fed agriculture to study the different cover material(straw and biodegradable),straw banding covering zone(40 cm and 50 cm),the planting rows of straw banding covering zone(single row and double row),and different rainfall type years(drought year and normal rainfall year)on tuber yield,soil moisture and soil temperature.A total of 6 treatment combinations were set up in the experiment,among which the straw banding mulching double 40 structures: the planting zone and the covering zone were all 40 cm,and the corresponding double 50 structures: planting zone and the covering zone were all 50 cm.Then under the straw banding mulching method,the 40 cm and 50 cm was futher divided into 1 row and 2 rows of two treatments for each planting zone.The potato varieties were medium mature variety Ke Xin 1,and the planting density,fertilization level and field management of each treatment unit were the same.The main research results are as follows:1?Both the whole biodegradable mulching or the straw banding mulching,the tuber yield increased significantly than the CK which uncovering planted.The tuber yield increasing effect of biodegradable mulching was higher than that of straw banding mulching,and normal rainfall year was higher than drought year.The comparison between different straw banding coverage conditions were: double 40 structure was higher than double 50 structure,double row was higher than single row.There were the highest tuber yield of potato in the double 40 structure which planting single row(D40)in the drought year and double 50 structure which planting double row(S50)in normal year,which were 39.7% and 66.2% higher than in CK,respectively.Potatoes number of per plant and single potato weight were significantly related to the yield formation,and the potatoes number of per plant had a more prominent effect on yield.The correlation coefficient between the two indexes were 0.515** and 0.440**.At the same time,potatoes number of per plant and single potato weight had a significant compensation effect on the yield formation,and the correlation coefficient between the two was-0.508**.2?There wsa a significant cooling effect in the straw banding coverage,while the biodegradable coverage has a significant warming effect,and the increase range and the decrease range of temperature were both normal rainfall year higher than drought year.Under the condition of straw banding coverage,the cooling range was single row higher than double row,and double 40 structure higher than double 50 structure.At different growth stages and soil layers in the concrete,mulching had the double effect of warming or cooling on mean soil temperature compared to CK,the average cooling ratio was 90.4% of straw banding coverage,the average warming ratio was 91.4% of biodegradable coverage;In the covering treatment of straw banding,the proportion of temperature cooling was single row higher than double row,double 40 structure higher than double 50 structure;There were the highest cooling effect of D40 in both drought year and normal rainfall year,which were 1.9 ?and 2.2 ? cooler than in CK,respectively.Differences in soil temperature between treatments was the largest in earlier stage(sowing time ~ the seedling stage)of growth stages,and was bigger in lower layer(20 cm to 25 cm)of the soil layers in 2 years,the biggest range were appeared between D40 and DM,and D40 was 6.0 ? lower than DM in the 20 cm soil layer of seedling stage in drought year,while D40 was 6.8 ? lower than DM in 10 cm soil layer of tuber expansion period in normal rainfall year.3?The coverage had the effective function to increasing soil moisture of mid-maturation potato,and the increasing effect was more prominent in the normal rainfall year than the drought year,the biodegradable coverage was more prominent than straw banding coverage,under the condition of straw banding coverage,double 40 structure was more prominent double 50 structure,double row was more prominent single row.In the specific growth period and soil layer,the coverage had the double functions of increasing or decreasing soil moisture,and the proportion of increasing of soil moisture during the whole growth period was the normal rainfall year higher than the normal rainfall year.However,there was a large difference between the covering materials,planting methods and rainfall type years.In the two years,the double functions of the S50 was the most stable,with the proportion of the increase of soil moisture content was 82.1% and 87.5%,respectively.The maximum variation was DM,with the proportion of the increase of soil moisture content by 87.5% and 78.6%,respectively.The increasing effect of S50 was the most significant in the straw banding coverage treatments,which were both 1.4 percentage points higher than CK in the two years.Differences in the soil moisture content between treatments of the interannual change wass also bigger,In the dry year,difference between treatment was biggest in sowing stage to squaring stage,while was minimum in starch accumulation stage to maturity of different period,and was biggest in 60-150 cm,minimum in 150-200 cm of different soil layers,the maximum difference between treatments was in 60-90 cm soil layer of sowing stage,DM significantly increases the soil moisture content than CK by 7.4%;In normal rainfall year,difference between treatment was biggest in starch accumulation period ~ maturity,while was minimum in sowing stage to squaring stage of different period,and was biggest in 0-60 cm,minimum in 60-150 cm of different soil layers,the maximum difference between treatments was in 0-20 cm soil layer of maturity,DM significantly increases the soil moisture content than S40 by 7.8%.The soil water content and soil temperature affects the yield by affecting the expansion of potato tuber and the weight of the potato.The average soil temperature and soil moisture content in the whole growth period were positively correlated with the tuber yield of fresh potato(R=0.363*,0.707**),and the correlation coefficient of the large potato rate was 0.373* and 0.205,respectively,and the correlation coefficient of single potato weight was 0.362* and 0.361*.Comprehensive consideration,S50 had significant effects on collecting rainwater and keeping water moisture,so significantly increased mid-maturation potato yield,which can protect the ecological environment and make full use of crop straw resources at the same time,so S50 is ideal straw banded pattern which promote the application in dryland. |
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