The Studies On Biological Characteristics And Cold Resistance Of Dianthus Versicolor In Xinjiang

Dianthus chinensis is one of the most popular ornamental flower in the globe and always is applied to cut-flower, potted flower, flower bed plants and ground cover plants which is cultivated widely all over the world. Xinjiang is the center of resources of wild Dianthus, including all species except Dianthus pygmacus, and majority of them are specific species in Xinjiang. This paper investigates into flower pollen and seed coat micromorphology, phenological observation of morphological and blooming characteristics and studies on growth rhythm, flower biological characteristics, seed breeding characteristics and cold resistance of two populations of Dianthus versicolor that distributed in western Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang province, to provide references for developing Dianthus genus classification in China, enriching flowers species in Xinjiang, exploiting Xinjiang native plant resources, creating more graceful landscape scenery, crossing and breeding in Dianthus genus and innovating in germlasm resources. The main results are as follows:(1) Dianthus versicolor always grows up in sunny slope mountains which contain lots of rocks in the soil.(2) There are some differences on pollen surface sculpture of two populations. Although there are consistency in seed size and color, seed coat surface sculpture has a few differences in two populations.(3) Observing phenological growth of introduced Dianthus versicolor, the conclusions show that Dianthus versicolor can bloom and grow up regularly in Urumchi city Xinjiang province. The growth regulation presents slow-quick-slow rhythm and growth curve like an S which is similar to the majority of plant growth. The individual growth rhythm presents uniform characteristics of Dianthus versicolor two poplutions.(4) Blossom date of Dianthus versicolor is in late May, and the ornamental date range from June early to September ends. The continuous blossom stage can keep about one hundred sixty five days. The flowers have varieties of patterns that get ornamental value and have long blooming time.(5) Comparing three kinds of methods of pollen viability, pollen germination and TTC staining pollen methods are suited for testing pollen viability. Using L9(33) orthogonal experimental design to research the effect of sucrose, boric acid, calcium chloride on pollen germination, the result shows that sucrose 10 g·L- 1+boric acid 0.1 g·L- 1+calcium chloride 0.1 g·L- 1 is fit for Dianthus versicolor pollen germination. Pollen viability of Dianthus versicolor can maintain ten about days and stigma receptivity can keep five days. However, the individual flower pollen gets viability but stigma has no receptivity.(6) There are no obvious differences on seed morphology, color and thousand kernel weight but seed water contents and absorption rate have a few differences. The most suitable for seed germination temperature is 20/10 ℃ level. The seed can tolerate certainly concentration of NaCl stress and NaCl stress can suppress seed germination as well. However, GA3 has positive influence on Dianthus versicolor seed germination.(7) By means of physical experiment at low temperature, assessment of subordinate function, the results indicate that Dianthus versicolor of two populations has higher ability in cold resistance than Dianthus barbatus.