| This project is a basic research for application which was supported andassisted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279122),Russia (NSFC-RFBR) cooperation and exchange projects (5141101131),Heilongjiang Water Project (NO.201315).The ice thickness and snow depth are the basic parameters of theconventional observation of the winter weather, environmental monitoring andHydrological Services, which are classified as key observation contents of thenational polar scientific expedition. And they are also the important scientificdata for the applying of globle abnormal climate change. Besides,continuously-automatic detecting the ice thickness and snow depth is theurgently engineering problems in the construction of the river ice disasterforecast system in domestic and international. In the author’s accomplishmentof the site monitoring engineering test of Mohe watercourse snow through2013-2015winter in Heilongjiang province, the author and other colleagues inthe research group had completed the task of2013-2015winter snow scenemonitoring engineering test on Mohe watercourse of Heilongjiang. In the complement, as the winter ambient temperature of test site is below-30℃,theauthor designed a dedicated ice thickness and snow depth sensor whichcombined solar power, single-chip, and a variety of electronic informationprocessing technology, fulfilling the integrated designing and developing of anew type of snow and ice situation monitoring system. In the field trials ofMohe watercourse of Heilongjiang province, it was succeed in fixed pointcontinuously monitoring of river ice thickness, snow depth covering on the icesurface.In the design and experiment, the authors analyzed the shortcomings of icethickness and snow depth detection methods that exist both at home and abroad.Absorbed the results of nearly a decade of experience in the Yellow River iceconditions and check the test site monitoring ice conditions by reseach group ofice detection in Measurement and Control Technology Institute of TaiyuanUniversity of Technology, on the basis of the detection method proposedice thickness detection method air, ice, water temperature gradient based ondifferent characteristics.While detecting ice thickness by this method, it uses thehigh-resolution temperature gradient sensor that had been successful developedto collect and record the temperature of the media measured by it between itseach detection point. The temperature values of each media objectively reflecttheir own physical state (liquid or frozen solid), and achieve the goal ofcontinuous on-line monitoring of ice thickness. In order to synchronize themonitoring of ice snow depth, the author designed a new sensor to monitor the snow depth based on the principle of intensity attenuation difference by throughair, snow and other media. When the detection circuit turned on, the infraredLED emitting infrared light to propagate through different media, such as air orsnow to infrared receiver LED, the infrared receiver LED will produce differentphotocurrent according to the intensity of infrared light it received. By collectingvoltage of divider resistors in circuit of infrared receiver LED to calculate thevalue of equivalent resistance of the media at the infrared receiver LEDaccording to the formula. Then it can judge the type of the media (snow or air).By integrating fusing the new ice thickness and snow depth detection method, itcan achieve the goal of continuous monitoring of the river ice thickness, snowdepth covered on the surface of ice and real-time get the ice growth andmelt,snow depth change process in internal river. In this thesis, the authormainly completed the research work in the following five aspects:1. After a review of a large number of references,we have compared andanalyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the current domestic andinternational ice and snow detection technology.A new method to achieve icethickness detection based on temperature characteristic difference of air, iceand water and to achieve snow depth based on infrared light through the air,the snow by showing strength attenuation difference was proposed.2. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment are used to demonstrate thebasic theory of theice thickness sensor and the snow depth sensor, whichprovides a scientific basis for ice thickness and snow depth detection method proposed in this paper.3. According to project requirements and actual installation, a new type of icethickness sensor, snow depth sensor and data processing system weredesigned and developed. We also programed application software for sensorsand overall system.4. From December2013toApril2014，by partnering with the Greater Xing’anMountains Hydrology Survey scientists， the new automatic monitoringsystem was installed in Heilongjiang Mohe river section which is the mostnorthern part of our country. A period of three and a half months ofcontinuous snow and ice data collection experiment was completed, and weget complete winter ice-snow conditions data of the watercourse observationpoint.5. It has proved that the ice thickness and snow depth sensor designed in thispaper fully achieved the desired design performance, and it proved that thesystem has good low-temperature stability. In addition, by comparing thedata in different periods of snow and ice, we analyzed the influence of snowon the ice to the inside ice temperature changes.Under the guidance of teachers and joint efforts of the students in ourresearch group, we completed the design and development of the ice-snowconditions sensor and data processing system. In addition, the ice and snowsituation automatic monitoring system has been well applied in Heilongjiangproject site. Recently, the ice-snow conditions detection method has been chosen for the China’s32nd Antarctic scientific expedition project for measuring.Although during device operation, we also found some problems anddeficiencies, but we believe that through follow-up application project, we canimprove and perfect the system. The ice-snow conditions detection methodcould be solved the problem of continuous monitoring of the ice situation inengineering application. |
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