Construction And Realization Of The Ecological Environment Management And Forecast Evaluation System In The Estuarine Watershed

The estuarine watershed is a watershed which includes river emptying into sea inestuarine area. It’s an important areas connected inland and marine, and shows uniquephysical, chemical and biological characteristics by the combined effects of riverecosystems and marine ecosystems, so its ecological and environmental conditionsare complex and changeable. As the portals of foreign exchanges on the mainland, theestuarine watershed tears the important task of the regional social and economicdevelopment with its special geographical location, which is densely populated, trafficdeveloped, and industrial agglomeration. Therefore, there are lots of environmentproblems appearing with the fast-developing economics, such as: scarce urban landresources, vegetation deterioration, loss of wetlands, estuary sediment deposition,water pollution, water quality decline, reduced biodiversity. These reflect thesensitivity and vulnerability of the ecological environment in the estuarine watershed.Exacerbated environmental problems of the estuarine watershed are the result ofone-sided pursuit of economic interests, while ignoring the protection andreconstruction of the ecological environment which persons or things rely forexistence. The nature of problems lie in the lack of long-term, effective managementof human behavior on the use of the estuarine watershed——including economicbehavior and non-economic behavior. Management is the basis of informationcollection. Managers need to fully grasp the based data in physical, chemical andbiological of the estuarine watershed ecological environment from the watershed scale,and scientifically assess the capacity and purification rate of the ecologicalenvironment. Thus, managemental measures and exploitation plan can be made.This project specially develops a instrumental software——the ecologicalenvironment management and forecast evaluation system in theWatershed——visually displayed watershed spatial data, dynamically managedattribute data of ecological environment, and provide information service and decisionsupport for researchers and managers.This software developed by chosen Visual Studio2008as the developmentenvironment, combined with Microsoft Access2003database, used C#programminglanguage and ArcGIS Engine development components，and used model integrationtechnology of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model，to accomplish runoff simulation and watershedeco-environment evaluation, classification function based on user’s input data.This software firstly uses the object-oriented database，which is provided by theADO.NET database development technology to interact user with data source，torealize Microsoft Access2003database’ access and operation. The user can managedatabase information in the system interface, such as update, delete, and insert.Secondly, by ArcGIS Engine components development, it realizes the spatial datadisplay and management （the data usually are maps or layers). Users can use thecommands of the menu bar and toolbar to visually operate spatial data.On the basis of the basic function of GIS, from system requirements analysis,focusing on practicality and openness of software, referring to the availability of thedata, the river basin model——SWAT model and fuzzy comprehensive evaluationmodel are selected to integrate with GIS system. These models are suitable forresearching in basin scale, and can implement the extended functionality：the runoffsimulation and the ecological environment evaluation.1) The runoff simulation. The ecological environment management and forecastevaluation system integrates the SWAT model, and develops a dynamic link libraryfiles procedure which can custom SWAT model running files, and write the SWATmodel input file operations in classes, the SWAT model was generated by class willdata executable input file, and then run the SWAT model to realize runoff simulation.2）Ecological environment evaluation. The ecological environment managementand forecast evaluation system integrates the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation modelto evaluate and classify the estuarine watershed.After completed development，the data from the Dagu estuarine watershed areused to test this system’s functions. Results show that the system is of friendlyinterface, simple and quick operation. The designed functions can be run successfully,so it is worthy of promotion use, and it can provide scientific and effective technicalsupport for ecological environment managers. At the same time, this is an open andextensible software——program can be continued writing on this system source codeto achieve any other functional requirements in basin scale or smaller， to form aprofessional software with complete functions.