| With the development of economic and social and the flexible in the system of traditional household register, large number of rural surplus labor transfers from rural area to urban area. Their motive is changing from survive to development.,and their desire to integrate into the city is strong.So promoting them involved in the city and realize citizen is an irreversible trend.Public participation is a behavior way for the immigrants to express their interests demand and safeguard their vital interests, it is also an important vehicle to achieve social integration.This article is based on a background of citizenization and the perspective of the relation between state and society,compare the status and influencing factors of the participation willingness, behavior and effect betwwen immigrants and local citizens,and try to make Suggestions to promote immigrants’public participation. The study found that:Under the pattern of strong stata and weak society, both immigrants and local citizens have the same strong willingness but low participation in politics,public cultural activities and community organizations,and they are both lack of paticciaption efficacy.Furthermore, the immigrants are also in the context of urban-rural dual structure at the same time, so their participation behavior is restricted by the household registration system, and excludes themselves from the participants in subjective, which undermined the confidence and expection of their public participation to some extent Comparative analysis found that the to participate, there was no significant difference between immigrants and local citizens in political participation willingness and public cultural activities participation willingness. There was a significant difference in their political participation because institutional constraint,and there was no significant difference in the participation in public cultural activities and community organizations.At last,the immigrants’ participation efficacy is relatively weak, both their participation confidence and expection is lower than local citizens. More specifically:First, in terms of political participation, the overall participation rate is less than half for both immigrants and local citizens,but the immigrants’ participation rate of each item of community inhabitant autonomy is lower than local citizens,comparative analysis found that there is a significant difference in participation willingness but no differences in the actual participation behavior.Second,in terms of public cultural activities participation,the immigrants’participation freguency and willingness are both lower than local citizens,but comparative analysis found that there is no significant differences in the subjective willingness and actual participation behavior between them.Thirdly, in terms of participation in community organizations, both more than half of them didn’t participate in any community organizations, there was no significant difference in the number of community organizations that they participated in, but the types of organizations have some diffrences.For immigrants, most of them add up to the clansmen and alumni association and will and the students will, followed by the trade unions; but for local citizens, most of them join the trade union organization, followed by the clansmen and alumni association. Fourth, in terms of participation efficacy, immigrants’confidence in their paticiaption ability the expection of their participation result were both lower than local citizens significantly.Fifth,correlation analysis showed there is a mutual promotion relationships between the participation in community inhabitant autonomy,community public cultural acativities and community organizations involved in the promotion of the three.There are significant differences in both political participation and participation efficacy betwwen immigrants and local citizens, in addition to the impact of the household registration system, the individual modern features and social capital could increase the political participation and participation efficacy for both immigrants and local citizens, but the extent is different,More specifically:First, in terms of political participation,it changes with resident’s age and marital status,household registration system is an important factor that restrain immigrants switch from participation willingness to actual behavior, in addition, residents with agricultural registration have a higher participation rate than non-agricultural registration.Comparative analysis showed that,people who have their own housing, signed labor contracts with their employers, participate in more community organizations have a higher degree of political participation.Second, in terms of participation efficacy, registration has a negative impact on immigrants’participation efficacy,comparative analysis found that the participation efficacy changes with indivitual modern features and social capital, but for immigrants, participation efficacy just shoe differences in gender and age, and the human capital that reflect the modern features,such as education level, political affiliation, income level, and the gennral trust failed to improve immigrants’ participation efficacy.Based on the conclusion, this texr thinks that we should take urban-rural integration as an opportunity and to improve the institutional channels of participation for immigrants, so that the immigrants who have time, energy, interesting can cross the threshold of the household registration system and switch from participation willingness to actual behavior, participate in the community-based autonomy effectivly,and on this basis,gradually embarked on a broader and higher level of political participation.Meanwhile, we must continue to strengthen the protection of housing benefits and labor rights of immigrants,promoting political participation of immigrants through the economic dimension of integration.Finally, immigrants should be encouraged to participate in the public cultural life and community organizations, in order to nurturing the immigrants’Sense of Identification and belonging to community and increasing their social capital,thus indirectly promote political participation. |
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