Correlative Study About Sleep Quality With Basic Physiological Indexes, Emotion And Cognition In The Elderly With Chronic Diseases

ObjectiveThis study focused on exploring the relationship between sleep quality, basic physiological indexes and emotion as well as cognition among the elderly with chronic disease. It would be providing a basis for how to improve the sleep quality and health level among these elderly patients.Materials and MethodsAdopt convenience sampling method, a total of 213 elderly patients with chronic diseases and 98 healthy aged people were selected as the research objects from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical college. We used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) to make an investigation. Collected general clinical data, basic physiological indexes, including heart rates, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), and at the same time, body mass index(BMI) was also calculated. Statistical methods included independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and pearson correlation.Results1. We compared the chronic disease group and control group and find that the occurrence of chronic diseases was associated with education level(c2=36.640, P=0.000), salary(c2=32.356, P=0.000), live style(c2=5.888, P=0.015), smoking(c2=6.983, P=0.030) and exercise habits(c2=22.398, P=0.000). The top three incidence rate of chronic disease in the elderly is hypertension(63.84%), coronary heart disease(23.01%), diabetes(19.25%), and patients tended to suffer from a combination of multiple chronic diseases.2. Compared with the healthy controls, SBP(t=-3.050, P=0.003), DBP(t=-2.637, P=0.009), respiratory rate(t=-3.811, P=0.000), LDL-C(t=-2.083, P=0.039) was significantly higher for the chronic disease group. Difference in heart rates, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, and BMI was not statistically significant(P>0.05).3. Proportion of being sleep disordered(c2=15.923, P=0.000), depressive(c2=22.408, P=0.000), anxious(c2=8.465, P=0.004) and cognitive impaired(c2=28.773, P=0.000) was higher for the chronic disease group, the difference was statistically significant.4. Based on data from 213 elderly patients with chronic diseases, we found that the remarkable difference in global PSQI score existed among gender(t=-2.064, P=0.041), areas(t=-2.668, P=0.009), occupation(t=-2.668, P=0.009), marriage statues(t=-2.196, P=0.030), smoking(F=3.375, P=0.037), exercise habits(F=3.478, P=0.034).5. According to global PSQI score, 213 elderly patients with chronic diseases were distributed into 2 groups, being sleep disordered group(130 cases, PSQI>7), normal sleep group(83 cases, PSQI≤7). Compared with the normal sleep group, FPG(t=-2.060, P=0.041), TC(t=-2.004, P=0.047), TG(t=-2.411, P=0.017), BMI(t=-2.626, P=0.010), GDS score(t=-3.163, P=0.002), SAS standard score(t=-3.360, P=0.001) was higher, and MMSE score(t=-2.411, P=0.017) was lower for the being sleep disordered group, the difference was statistically significant.6. There was a significant positively correlation between the global PSQI score and FPG(r=0.191, P=0.029), BMI(r=0.197, P=0.024), GDS score(r=0.358, P=0.000), SAS standard score(r=0.309, P=0.000). HDL-C(r=-0.266, P=0.002), MMSE score(r=-0.259, P=0.003) was negatively correlated with the global PSQI score.Conclusion1. The prevalence of chronic diseases in the aging people is high, and patients tended to suffer from a combination of multiple chronic diseases, which has physically injured mentally affected to them. Proportion of being sleep disordered, depressive, anxious and cognitive impaired is high in the elderly with chronic diseases.2. Among these elderly patients, the males have better sleep quality than females. The rural elderly have better sleep quality than urban elderly. The marrird elderly have better sleep quality than the unmarried elderly. The non-smoking elderly have better sleep quality than the elderly who smoke. The elderly who often take exercise have better sleep quality than the elderly who are lack of exercise.3. The sleep quality of elderly patients with chronic disease is associated with the level of blood glucose and blood lipid. patients with higher level of HDL-C have better sleep quality, and the raised FPG, TC and TG can bring disadvantages to sleep, in addition, higher BMI can also lead to sleep disorders.4. Sleep quality is associated with depression and anxiety among these elderly patients, the poorer the sleep quality is, the higher level of depression and anxiety there will be.5. Sleep quality is associated with cognitive function among these elderly patients, the poorer the sleep quality is, the more impaired cognitive function they may have.