Study On The Anti-fatigue And Anti-oxidant Effects Of Herbs Schnabelia Tetradonta And Its Main Ingredients

ObjectiveTo study the anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects of herbs Schnabelia tetradonta and its main ingredients. The study is mainly divided into three parts, to evaluate anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects of Schnabelia tetradonta on rats and mice in the first part; to determinate in vitro antioxidant activity of flavonoids and polysaccharide in the second part; to discuss the optimum conditions of total flavonoids, polysaccharide,alkaloids yield from Schnabelia tetradonta in the last part.MethodsThe first part: The healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group, the group of Cistanche deserticola(5.0 g/kg), the group of non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta(5.0 g/kg)and three groups of wild Schnabelia tetradonta with different doses(2.5, 5, 10 g/kg)(n=12 in each group). The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group, the group of Cistanche deserticola(2.5 g/kg), the group of non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta(2.5 g/kg)and three groups of wild Schnabelia tetradonta with different doses(1.25, 2.5, 5 g/kg)(n=8 in each group). The means of oral perfusion for 14 days was used in rats and mice.Exhaustive swimming time, the content of blood urea nitrogen, glycogenand malonyldialdehyde, the activities of superoxide dismutase of rats and mice were measured after swimming test at room temperature and without weights.The second part: The antioxidant activity of flavonoids and polysaccharide from Schnabelia tetradonta was evaluated by three means of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, with Vc as the control.The third part: The single factor test and orthogonal design were used to study the effect of ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, and extraction temperature on the extraction yield of total flavonoids in Schnabelia tetradonta, to study the effect of solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time, extracting times and extracting temperature on the extraction yield of polysaccharide; to study the effect of solid-liquid ratio,ethanol concentration, extracting temperature and ultrasonic time on the extraction yield of alkaloids. The optimal extraction condition of total flavonoids, polysaccharide and alkaloids with ultrasonication was selected,respectively, and the content in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta was calculated.ResultsThe first part: Three different doses(2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) of Herbs Schnabelia tetradonta could significantly increase body weight increment,prolong exhaustive swimming time, increase the content of glycogen,decrease the content of BUN, enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase in mice, and the dose of 10 g/kg Schnabelia tetradonta had the best effect. There also had the same effects on the main index of anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant, at a dose of 5 g/kg Schnabelia tetradonta was the best.The second part: The results showed that flavonoids of Schnabelia tetradonta had strong DPPH eliminating activity(IC50=42.91 μg/mL, the maximum eliminating rate was 88.57%), ABTS eliminating activity(IC50=44.61 μg/mL, the maximum eliminating rate was 92.86%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(AEAC=5380 μmol/g). Polysaccharide of Schnabelia tetradonta showed strong DPPH eliminating activity(IC50=46.96 μg/mL, the maximum eliminating rate was 84.44%), ABTS eliminating activity(IC50=49.56 μg/mL, the maximum eliminating rate was 93.21%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(AEAC=3708μmol/g).The third part: The results revealed that: The optimal extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Schnabelia tetradonta were as follows:ethanol concentration of 70%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, and extracting 2 times at 50 ℃, 30 min each time. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of total flavonoids could reach up to 4.78% and 2.01% in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta respectively. The content of flavonoids was 47.82 mg/g and 20.06 mg/g in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta respectively;The optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Schnabelia tetradonta were as follows: solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, and extracting 3 times at 80 ℃ with ultrasonic, 30 min each time. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of polysaccharide could reach up to 3.55% and 2.05% in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta respectively. The content of polysaccharide was 35.55 mg/g and 20.50 mg/g in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta respectively;The optimal extraction conditions of alkaloids from Schnabelia tetradonta were adding 25 times amount of 60% pH=1 of ethanol solution,1h ofextraction time with water bath and 30 min with ultrasonic at 50 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of alkaloids could reach up to0.072% and 0.099% in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta respectively. The content of alkaloids was 0.72 mg/g and 0.99 mg/g in wild and non-wild Schnabelia tetradonta respectively.ConclusionThe study shows that herbs Schnabelia tetradonta has obviously anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects, and there are no animal species differences. Flavonoids and polysaccharide have powerful antioxidant activity, which are effective and natural antioxidant. Flavonoids,polysaccharide and alkaloids of Schnabelia tetradonta are abundant, and the three kinds of extraction technology with ultrasonication are stable and practical with high extraction rate.