| Background:Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), caused by unhealthy living styles and habits and posing great threat to people’s health and social and economic development, have already become the leading death causes and a serious issue in public health. According to the report released by WHO in 2008, there were more than 36,000,000 people who died from NCDs.As predicted, about 75% of the people who die are related to chronic diseases by 2020 in the developing countries. Three major chronic diseases are diabetes, tumor and cardio cerebral vascular diseases. According to the Third National Sample Survey of Death Cause Review, the residential mortality rate was 608.78/100000, among which chronic diseases accounted for 82.4%. According to the CIS analysis of death causes from Shandong Provincial Chronic Disease Monitoring Report (2013), the top five diseases are as follows:cardiovascular disease, malignant tumor, CVD, respiratory system disease and injury. Chronic diseases have become a serious public health problem limiting the social and economic development in Shandong Province. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the study of the prevalence of the major chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and so on as well as the analysis of the chronic diseases’ epidemic situation and the changing trend on the risk factors such as smoking, drinking, diet, physical exercises and so on, contributing to the development of health policies and disease prevention strategies for the local government departments.Objective:Based the monitoring materials from Shandong Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Monitoring Spots, we aimed to:1) make clear the chronic disease’s epidemic character from 2004 to 2013;2)analyze the epidemic trends of NCDs and related risk factors from 2004 to 2013 in Shandong province;3) provide scientific basis for the development of intervention measures on chronic diseases in Shandong Province.Methods:The data resourced from the monitoring materials from Penglai City, Yiyuan County and Xuecheng District in Shandong Province in 2004,2007,2010 as well as 2013. This investigation includes personal basic information, the epidemic situation of behavior risk factors (smoking, overdrinking, inappropriate diet and lacking in physical exercises), prevalence, control as well as health service situation of the major chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, etc.). Analyzing in a descriptive manner, this thesis adopts descriptive analysis, chi-square test to describe and compare the monitoring data on people from the age of 18 to 69 by using SPSS software.Main Results:1. Major Chronic Diseases:The prevalence rate of hypertension was 23.3% in 2004,38.5% in 2007,44.6% in 2010 and 29.5% in 2013. The annual prevalence rate of hypertension has significant difference between male and female (P <0.05). The prevalence rate of self-reportec diabetes was 1.6% in 2004, and 3.0%, 12.5% as well as 8.3% in 2007,2010 and 2013. It rose in 2010 and 2013 with great difference between different age groups (P< 0.05).2. Major Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases:(1) Smoking:The smoking rate of Shandong residents was 29.3% in 2004, 32.5% in 2007,29.2% in 2010, and 27.6% in 2013. Besides, different age groups varied greatly (P=0.000< 0.05) and the smoking rate rose as the age increased. In each year, male & female current smoking rate, current daily smoking rate, heavy smoking rate differed from each other:male smoking rate was relatively higher than female smoking rate. (2)Drinking:In 2004-2013, the monthly drinking rate of residents in Shandong Province over the age of 18 was 26.7%、31.7%、27.7%、24.9% in which the drinking rate in male was much higher than female. (3)Physical Exercises:Regular exercise rate of Shandong residents over the age of 18 was 6.8%、 4.4%、3.8%、10.8% in 2004-2013 with great difference between male and female and a relatively lower annual regular exercise rate. (4)Diet:The insufficient intake rate of fruits and vegetables in 2010 was 51.8% for male and 50.7% for female with no great difference. The rate was lowered to 32.6% in male and 30.2% in female in 2013 with greater difference. It remained in a high level although it decreased in 2013.Conclusions:According to the epidemic study of chronic diseases (2004-2013) such as hypertension, diabetes and so on, the prevalence rate, though decreasing slightly, remains in a high level. We should further to increase the efforts on the chronic disease prevention and control, forming a long-term effective; mechanism.NCDs-related risk factors,such as smoking rate, drinking rate, physical inactivity and current smoking rate and insufficient intake rate of fruits and vegetables remain in a high level.The governments should include the monitoring of chronic diseases and their risk factors into the assessment mechanism to further improve the relevant monitoring work, thus forming a perfect system of NCDs and related risk’ factors surveillance, so as to provide reliable and continuous basic data to improve the formulation of strategy about disease control and prevention. |
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