| Objective:old age is a special period of almost everybody that will experience and can not escape, which is the last stage of life. Joining the old, the body functions will be gradually reduced, and the various organs began to degenerate, while senile multiple diseases and some chronic diseases are generally emerged, such as hypertension, diabetes and so on, which is the high incidence of disease in the elderly population, and health problems also attract more and more old people’s attention. The causes of these disorders are in many aspects, but the most important thing is often due to the unreasonable daily diet structure, irregular timetable and malnutrition. Studies have shown that dietary factors have a great relationship with chronic non infectious disease. Therefore, we make this paper according to the characteristics of the elderly, doing the investigation of elderly diet, and that paper is started from the rational nutrition, to protect the health of the elderly and prevent the elderly nutrition from not comprehensive and excess nutrients, improving the dietary structure and the life quality of the elderly.Methods:by random cluster sampling method, the two districts were selected from the six major areas in Changsha City (Furong district, Kaifu District, Yuhua District, Yuelu District, Tianxin District, Wangcheng District), respectively Yuelu District and Furong district. Then in each region we selected 234 people at the age of 60 or 60 years older from the 1-2 communities,from July to December in 2014, using general condition questionnaire, chronic disease questionnaire, KAP questionnaire and 24 hours review method to carry on the questionnaire survey. The database is built by Microsoft office Excel 2003, using SPSS 17 statistical data, statistical, descriptive analysis, statistical methods of chi square test and Spearman correlation analysis data.Results:1 Basic situation:This study has investigated 234 elderly from the community of Changsha City, and a total of 234 questionnaires were sent out, while the recovery is 234 copies, of which effective questionnaires is 221, and effective rate was 94.4%. In the object of investigation,72 were male (32.6%), and 149 cases were female (67.4%); the age from 60 to 80 years old accounted for (87.8+5.7); National:216 cases were in Han (97.7%), and the others were 5 cases (2.3%); education level:154 cases (69.7%) had junior high school degree or below, and 67 cases had high school degree or above (30.3%); marital status:148 cases had married (66.9%), and unmarried elderly were 73 cases (33.1%); living conditions:the number of living together with family including couples living together were 186 (84.1%), living alone in 35 cases (18.6%); hobby:148 cases had a hobby (66.9%), no special hobby in 73 cases (33.1%).2 The old people’s nutrition knowledge in community of Changsha City and the attitude of willing to improve the nutrition structure and dietary behavior:The elderly general nutrition knowledge correct rate is higher in this survey, but more professional knowledge of nutrition is low. In general, there were 78.3% of elderly people had the rates of nutrition knowledge in the middle and upper level; while 89.1% of the elderly wanted to have more and more professional knowledge of nutrition, and who were also willing to change the adverse dietary habits; 71.6% of old people’s dietary behavior were in the middle level or above and their eating had more rules. Compared to the " Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents", the dietary characteristics of elderly in Changsha City is close to the Chinese traditional dietary patterns, but the dietary structure is unreasonable, mainly manifested as excessive intake of salt and fat, which is mainly represented by plant food, and the intake of grain was higher, while dairy products, soy products, fruits and whole grains are lower; the intake of meat species is single; the intake of aquatic products is low, but the intake of livestock, poultry and eggs is higher.3 Chronic disease survey in the elderlyAccording to this survey, the prevalence rate of chronic disease in the elderly was total of 81.9% with 180 cases, and of which had two or more than two kinds of disease prevalence rate was 58.9%. In these chronic diseases, hypertension was at the first row with prevalence rate reaching 42.9%, and the next was rheumatism with 34.6%. Coronary heart disease, diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases are common disease, respectively 31.2%,30.6% and 21.5%.4 The mass index distribution of elderly bodyThere were 98 people partial obesity with BMI> 25 accounting for 44.3%; 23 people were belong to malnutrition with BMI< 18.5 accounting for 10.4%,; there were 100 people with normal BMI accounting for 54.7%.5 Conclusion:In the survey, the nutrition knowledge awareness rate of elderly was high and they had a good attitude to improve the dietary structure, but the elderly had an unreasonable dietary behavior with poor health awareness, suffering from higher probability of chronic diseases, and they got high incidence of two or more than two chronic diseases not with the optimistic incidence of hypertension and diabetes, at the same time the elderly obesity rate was close to half and we should pay enough attention to it. The reason for this result comes from many aspects, the government and relevant units should take targeted measures, such as carrying out health education on nutrition, using the media to propagate nutrition knowledge, making dietary guidance for the elderly. With the improvement of the community construction, government and relevant units should enrich the life of old people and promote physical and mental health of them, improving their life quality and getting them to achieve healthy aging. |
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